国家职业教育改革背景下“职教高考”制度的困境与突破

The dilemma and breakthrough of the“vocational education college entrance examination”system against the background of national vocational education reform

国家职业教育改革对建立“职教高考”制度、健全职业学校评价和完善高等职业教育考试招生办法提出了明确要求和具体任务,成为“十四五”期间推动职业教育发展的制度安排。新一轮改革下,“职教高考”制度在招考体系、考试内容、学业评价、组织管理、招录机制等方面存在现实困境。基于此,对新一轮改革下的“职教高考”制度提出“一探索、四推进”的策略思考,即探索以分类考试为主干的“职教高考”制度,推进以职业教育为特点的考试内容改革,推进以技能人才培养为核心的考试评价改革,推进政行校企协同的组织模式改革,推进以人本价值为导向的招录机制改革。

The national vocational education reform has laid down clear requirements and set specific tasks for establishing“vocational education college entrance examination”system,improving the evaluation of vocational schools,and improving higher vocational education examination and enrollment measures,which has become an institutional arrangement to promote the development of vocational education during the 14th Five-Year Plan period.Within the new round of reform,the“vocational education college entrance examination”system has encountered difficulties,including recruitment system,examination content,academic evaluation,organization and management,and recruitment mechanism.On that basis,this paper puts forward the strategy of“One Exploration and Four Promotion”,i.e.,exploring the“vocational education college entrance examination”system based on classified examination,promoting the reform of examination content characterized by vocational education,promoting the reform of examination evaluation centered on talent training,promoting the reform of examination organization linked by government,administration,school and enterprise,and promoting the reform of value-oriented recruitment mechanism.