贵州亮岩镇古茶树林地土壤养分含量分析

Analysis of Soil Nutrient Status of Ancient Tea Plantations in Liangyan of Guizhou Province

通过对亮岩镇古茶树集中分布区的土壤进行了调查,分析了31个土壤样品的养分含量及养分间的相关性,并采用主成分分析法计算土壤肥力综合指标值(IFI),对土壤养分状况进行综合评价。结果表明:亮岩古茶树林地土壤pH值平均为5.37,51.61%的土壤pH为4.5~5.5,总体处于适宜状态;土壤有机质、碱解氮含量较为丰富;但土壤速效磷含量均未达到高产优质茶园肥力指标,处于磷素缺乏的状态;大部分土壤的交换性铝、交换性钙和有效铜含量处于茶树生长适宜范围;古茶树林地土壤有效铁和有效锌含量较低,仅有48.38%的土壤有效锌处于适宜范围。主成分分析表明,三里田村古茶树林地土壤肥力最好,其次是关沟村,飞轮村、太极村和亮岩村古茶树土壤立地条件较差,针对肥力较差区域应该重点增施磷肥和适量增加铁、锌等微量元素。

A survey was conducted on the soils in the concentrated distribution area of ancient tea trees in Liangyan Town of Guizhou Province,and the nutrient contents and correlation among nutrients of 31 soil samples were analyzed,and the soil nutrient status was comprehensively evaluated by calculating the integrated index of soil fertility(IFI)using principal component analysis.The results showed that the average pH value of ancient tea plantations in Liang Yan was 5.37,and 51.61%of the soils were in the pH range of 4.5–5.5,which was generally suitable;the soil organic matter and alkaline nitrogen content were rich;however,the soil fast-acting phosphorus content did not reach the fertility index of high-yielding and high-quality tea plantations,and was in the state of phosphorus deficiency;the contents of exchangeable aluminum,exchangeable calcium and effective copper in most of the soils were in the suitable range for the growth of tea trees;the content of available iron and available zinc in the soil of ancient tea forest is low,with only 48.38%of the effective zinc in the suitable range.The principal component analysis showed that the soil fertility of ancient tea forest in Sanlitian Village was the best,followed by Guangou Village,and the soil standing conditions of ancient tea plant sites in Feilun,Taiji and Liangyan Villages were poor,and the focus should be on increasing phosphorus fertilizer and increasing iron,zinc and other trace elements appropriately for the poor fertility areas.