大蒜秸秆对烟草根结线虫病及根际土壤理化性状的影响

Effects of Garlic Straw on Tobacco Root-knot Nematode Disease and Physicochemical Properties of Rhizosphere Soil

以烤烟红花大金元为材料,研究大蒜秸秆无菌化还田对烟草根结线虫病及根际土壤的影响。结果表明,T_(3)(烟株移栽前,大蒜秸秆一次性施入大田4500 kg/hm^(2)),根结线虫防治效果较好。各处理土壤养分含量均随生育期推进呈先增加后降低趋势。不同生育期,T_(3)(烟株移栽前,大蒜秸秆一次性施入大田4500 kg/hm^(2))过氧化氢酶、脲酶、磷酸酶和蛋白酶活性均显著高于其他处理。不同处理土壤酚酸物质含量随生育期推进逐步增加,表现出富集效应,对照处理最为显著。T_(3)(烟株移栽前,大蒜秸秆一次性施入大田4500 kg/hm^(2))能有效降低烤烟根际土壤中酚酸物质含量,减少土壤化感自毒作用。在各生育期,T_(3)(烟株移栽前,大蒜秸秆一次性施入大田4500 kg/hm^(2))根际土壤中真菌数量均较高,细菌数量较低,真菌/细菌较高,这说明烟株移栽前,一次性施入大蒜秸秆4500 kg/hm^(2)能提高土壤中真菌数量,降低土壤中细菌数量,显著提高土壤肥力及土壤活性。综合考虑,大蒜秸秆对烟草根结线虫病的防治效果,以T_(3)处理(烟株移栽前,大蒜秸秆一次性施入大田4500 kg/hm^(2))的大蒜秸秆添加量较为适宜;一次性施入大蒜秸秆4500 kg/hm^(2)能提高土壤中真菌数量,降低土壤中细菌数量,显著提高土壤肥力及土壤活性。

The effect of sterile returning of garlic straw on tobacco root-knot nematode disease and rhizosphere soil was studied using flue-cured tobacco Honghua Dajinyuan as material.The results showed that T_(3)(garlic straw was applied to the field at a time of 4500 kg/hm^(2) before transplanting tobacco plants)had a good control effect on root-knot nematode.The soil nutrient content of each treatment increased first and then decreased with the advance of growth period.At different growth stages,the activities of catalase,urease,phosphatase and protease in T_(3)(before transplanting the tobacco plant,applying garlic straw into the field at a time of 4500 kg/hm^(2))were significantly higher than those in other treatments.The content of phenolic acid in soil of different treatments increased gradually with the advance of growth period,showing enrichment effect,and the control treatment was the most significant.T_(3)(before transplanting tobacco plants,garlic stalks were applied to the field at a time of 4500 kg/hm^(2))could effectively reduce the content of phenolic acids in the rhizosphere soil of flue-cured tobacco and reduce the allelopathic autotoxicity of soil.At each growth stage,T_(3)(before transplanting tobacco plants,garlic stalks were applied to the field at a time of 4500 kg/hm^(2))had a higher number of fungi in the rhizosphere soil,a lower number of bacteria,and a higher ratio of fungi/bacteria,which showed that before transplanting tobacco plants,one-time application of garlic stalks at a time of 4500 kg/hm^(2) could increase the number of fungi in the soil,reduce the number of bacteria in the soil,and significantly improve soil fertility and soil activity.In a comprehensive consideration,the control effect of garlic straw on tobacco root-knot nematode disease,the garlic straw added amount of T_(3) treatment(before transplanting tobacco plants,the garlic straw was applied into the field at a time of 4500 kg/hm^(2))was more appropriate;the one-time application of garlic straw 4500 kg/hm^(2) could increase the number of fungi in the soil,reduce the number of bacteria in the soil,and significantly improve soil fertility and soil activity.