四川传统木风箱造物理念研究及启示

RESEARCH AND INSPIRATION ON THE CONCEPT OF TRADITIONAL WOODEN BELLOWS MAKING IN SICHUAN

木风箱是传统农村炉灶旁使炉火旺盛的鼓风工具,代表了中国古代鼓风技术发展的较高科技水平,促进了传统冶金业的发展。文章通过文献研究、田野考察等方法,以川北地区现今存留的木风箱为研究对象,从设计学的角度对其木箱、进风活门、双向风道、活塞风板和推拉杆五部分进行结构、造型、材质等方面的分析。木风箱设计体现了致用利人、各随其宜、审曲面势等传统造物理念与智慧,同时也给予现代设计实用利人、适用地宜、巧用和谐的设计启示。

The wood bellow,which is a wind blowing tool for energizing thefire of traditional rural stoves,represents the higher achievements of the ancient Chinese wind blowing technology.Taking the remnant wood bellows in northern Sichua as the research sample,the analysis about structures,shapes and materials of wood bellows,which consist offive parts,the wooden case,air inlet valve,two-way air duct,piston board and push-pull rod,arefirstly carried out from the point of view in design theory using literature research,field investigation,etc.Subsequently,the usage is analyzed from the perspective of man-machine engineering and the working mechanism is explained.Moreover,the design ideas are researched by textual criticism.The design of wood bellows reflects the traditional creation concepts and wisdom,such as applying for the benefit of people,following their own suitability and considering the surface potential,and also gives modern design the design inspirations of Practical-beneficial to people,applicable-adapted to local conditions and ingenious-multi harmony.