核与辐射应急情况下人员体表放射性污染控制水平应用探讨

Discussion on application of control level of radioactive contamination on personnel′s body surface in a nuclear and radiological emergency

目前发布的多个国家标准阐述的人员体表放射性污染的控制水平,存在诸多差异和不协调,给应用者造成困惑。因此,拟对相关标准的适用范围和适用条件进行比对,并结合类似的临床核医学标准中的防护内容,给出核与辐射事故应急情况下应正确应用的污染控制水平以及使用建议,供应急人员参考使用。对争议较多的0.04~10 Bq/cm^(2)的α污染和0.4~100 Bq/cm^(2)的β污染人员,根据对类似标准的讨论,建议在二级以上医疗救治机构,有条件充分洗消,可以到达α污染<0.04 Bq/cm^(2)和β污染<0.4 Bq/cm^(2)的污染控制水平。

There are differences and inconsistencies to some degree in the radioactive contamination control level of personnel′s body surface availiable in many national standards,thus puzzling the users.Therefore,it is proposed to compare the applicable scope,conditions and differences between relevant national standards,and combine with similar clinical nuclear medicine standards of radiological protection content to presevent recommendations on the contamination control level that should be correctly applied in an event of nuclear and radiological emergency.Based on the discussion of similar standards,the contaminated personnel withαof 0.04-10 Bq/cm^(2) andβof 0.4-100 Bq/cm^(2) are advised to be treated in the institutions with higher than secondary medical insititution.Bothαecontamination control levels less than 0.04 Bq/cm^(2) andβlevels less than 0.4 Bq/cm^(2) could be achivable,if fully decontaminated.