从《楚辞·天问》探析屈原的托物寓志

An Analysis of Qu Yuan's Aspiration of Conceiting Objects from The Songs of Chu· Tianwen

《楚辞·天问》是屈原的不朽巨著,因其独特的写作技巧与风格,成为《楚辞》诸作中的奇葩。《天问》具有一股悲情的动人力量,使人产生共鸣。屈原通过诘问的修辞方式,沿用楚骚美学的托物寓志手法,借助夏、商、周三代的历史人物与故事,神话中的天文、动物及植物的意象等,抒发心中的一腔悲愤,以及对楚人的讽谕、期盼与警惕。屈原在《天问》中所抒发的悲愤,正与司马迁的悲情一致,这也可解释司马迁读《天问》后深感悲愤的原因,《天问》也达至《文心雕龙》美学中的隐秀效应。

The Songs of Chu·Tianwen is the immortal masterpiece of Qu Yuan.Because of its unique writing skills and style,it has become a wonderful work in The Songs of Chu.Tianwen has a sad and moving power,so that people resonate.Qu Yuan used the rhetorical method of questioning,followed Chu Sao's aesthetic technique of concealing his aspirations with the help of the historical figures and stories of Xia,Shang and Zhou.The images of astronomy,animals and plants in mythology are used to express the sadness and anger in the heart,as well as the irony,expectation and vigilance of Chu people.Qu Yuan's grief and anger expressed in Tianwen are consistent with Sima Qian's grief.This can also explain Sima Qian's deep sorrow and anger after reading Tianwen.Tianwen also achieves the hidden show effect in the aesthetics of Wenxin Diaolong.