黑龙江省半干旱区秸秆还田与氮肥配施对玉米产量及经济效益的影响

Effects of Straw Returning and Nitrogen Fertilizer on Maize Yield and Economic Benefit in Semiarid Region of Heilongjiang Province

为促进作物高产稳产,设置秸秆还田(S)与不还田(即秸秆移出,N)两种模式,氮肥共设8个处理,分别为0(不施氮肥)、CK(常规施氮肥,播种时一次性施入氮肥75 kg·hm^(-2)、磷肥120 kg·hm^(-2)和钾肥55 kg·hm^(-2)作基肥,春玉米拔节期追施氮肥150 kg·hm^(-2))、常规氮肥分别加10%、20%、30%处理(+10%、+20%、+30%)和常规氮肥分别减10%、20%、30%处理(-10%、-20%、-30%)探索秸秆还田模式下不同氮肥处理对玉米产量及经济效益的影响。结果表明,不施氮肥处理,秸秆移出模式下玉米产量高于秸秆还田,增产18.35%;施氮处理秸秆还田模式下玉米产量均高于秸秆移出模式,增幅为0.22%~7.94%。秸秆还田模式下+10%处理玉米净收益高于其他处理,至少增收486.41元·hm^(-2),农户在生产中可以采用秸秆还田适当增加氮肥的方式提高玉米产量,进而获得更好的经济效益。

In order to promote high and stable crop yield,two modes of straw returning(S)and non-returning that with straw removing(N)were set,there were 8 treatments of nitrogen fertilizer,0(no nitrogen fertilizer),CK(conventional nitrogen fertilizer,75 kg·ha^(-1) nitrogen fertilizer,120 kg·ha^(-1) phosphorus fertilizer and 55 kg·ha^(-1) potassium fertilizer were applied as thebase fertilizer at sowing time,150 kg·ha^(-1) nitrogen fertilizer was applied as the top fertilizer at jointing stage of spring maize),+10%,+20%,+30%(conventional nitrogen fertilizer added 10%,20%,30%respectively),-10%,-20%,-30%(conventional nitrogen fertilizer reduced 10%,20%,30%respectively),explore the effects of different nitrogen fertilizer treatments on maize yield and economic benefits under straw returning.The results showed that without nitrogen fertilizer treatment,the maize yield of straw removal mode was higher than that of straw returning mode,increased by 18.35%.Under nitrogen fertilizer treatment,the maize yield of straw moval mode was higher than that of straw moval mode,increased by 0.22%-7.94%.Under the straw returning mode,the benefit of+10%nitrogen fertilizer treatment was higher than other treatments,increasing at least 486.41 yuan·ha^(-1).In the production,farmers can use straw returning and increase nitrogen fertilizer to improve the maize yield,so as to obtain better economic benefits.