长期耕作活动对大庆和绥化地区黑土理化性质的影响

Effects of Long-Term Tillage Activities on Physical and Chemical Properties of Black Soil in Suihua and Daqing

我国东北黑土区面积广阔,是我国粮食的重要生产区。而黑土区包含黑土、黑钙土、草甸土等多种土壤,为深化研究黑土区的土壤性质,实现因地制宜保护黑土区的策略,采集了大庆市和绥化市不同地区耕地和非耕地的黑土、草甸土,通过实验分析了个22点位土样的6个理化性质指标。结果表明,在11个取样地区中,耕地pH普遍低于非耕地,其中肇源地区耕地pH为7.81,与非耕地相比下降了1.35;干物质含量中,除红岗地区外,耕地干物质含量均较非耕地有一定程度的上升,望奎地区干物质含量上升最多,为1.87个百分点;有机碳含量中,所有地区耕地均高于非耕地,大同耕地有机碳含量最高,为67.67 g·kg^(-1),本文非耕地增加了25.26 g·kg^(-1);全氮含量中,耕地含量均小于非耕地,绥棱非耕地含量最高,为3699.11 mg·kg^(-1),耕地相比非耕地降低了1520.28 mg·kg^(-1);全磷、全钾中,耕地含量均不同程度高于非耕地。综上可知,长期的化肥施用导致该地区土壤中已经有明显的磷、钾元素富集,且有较明显的土壤酸化和一定程度的土壤板结。当地政府应当及时调整政策,鼓励农民施用有机肥,缓解土壤质量的恶化。

Our country northeast black soil area is broad,is an important production area of grain in our country.Black soil area contains black soil,chernozem soil,meadow soil and other soils.In order to further study the soil properties of black soil area and realize the strategy of protecting black soil area according to local conditions,black soil and meadow soil of cultivated and non-cultivated land in different areas of Daqing City and Suihua City were collected,and six physical and chemical property indexes of 22 site soil samples were analyzed through experiments.The results showed that the pH of cultivated land was generally lower than that of non-cultivated land in the 11 sampling areas,and the pH of cultivated land in Zhaoyuan area was 7.81,which was 1.35 lower than that of non-cultivated land.In the dry matter content,except Honggang area,the dry matter content of cultivated land decreased to a certain extent,and the dry matter content of Wangkui area decreased by 1.87%at most.The organic carbon content in all cultivated land was higher than that in non-cultivated lend.The highest organic carbon content in Datong cultivated land was 67.67 g·kg^(-1),which increased by 25.26 g·kg^(-1) compared with non-cultivated lend.The content of total nitrogen in cultivated land was lower than that in non-cultivated land,and the highest content in non-cultivated land was 3699.11 mg·kg^(-1) in Suiling,which was 1520.28 mg·kg^(-1) lower than that in cultivated land.The content of total P and total K in cultivated land was higher than th at in non-cultivated land.In conclusion,long-term chemical fertilizer application had resulted in significant enrichment of P and K elements in the soil in this area,and obvious soil acidification and soil compaction to a certain extent.The local government should adjust its policies in time to encourage farmers to apply organic fertilizers to alleviate the deterioration of soil physical and chemical properties.