纳米硒微肥的形貌分析及对豌豆幼苗生长的影响

Morphology Analysis of Nano-Selenium Microfertilizer and Its Effects on Seedling Growth of Pisum sativum L.

为制备筛选易于吸收的纳米硒微肥,利用化学还原法制备纳米硒,通过不同干燥处理和扫描电镜技术研究纳米硒的形貌特征、尺寸及稳定性。将纳米硒与豌豆种子拌种后进行盆栽试验,测定豌豆幼苗的硒吸收量和硒转化率。结果表明,透射电镜和扫描电镜下,冷冻干燥制备的纳米硒为分散均匀、尺寸均一的球状颗粒,平均粒径约为28 nm。当拌种剂量(纳米硒/豌豆种子)在0.25~2.50 mg·g^(-1)范围内,纳米硒微肥对豌豆幼苗生理指标的影响较小。豌豆幼苗根系硒含量均达到极显著水平,地上部分硒含量在2.00和2.50 mg·g^(-1)拌种剂量时显著高于对照和其他处理;在1.00~2.50 mg·g^(-1)范围内,硒吸收量存在显著差异;在0.25~2.50 mg·g^(-1)范围内,硒转化率呈先降低后增加的趋势。综上,冷冻干燥制备法可获得分散均匀、尺寸均一的纳米硒微肥。拌种剂量控制在0.25~2.50 mg·g^(-1)范围内时,豌豆幼苗地下部分对纳米硒的吸收率大于硒转化率,可采用冷冻干燥法制备纳米硒微肥用于豌豆生产。

In order to prepare nano-selenium microfertilizer which is easy to absorb,nano-selenium was prepared by chemical reduction method.The morphology,size and stability of nano-selenium were studied by different drying treatments and scanning electron microscopy.The seed of Pisum sativum was mixed with nano-selenium,and then the pot experiment was carried out to determine the selenium absorption and selenium transformation rate of Pisum satirum seedlings.The results showed that under transmission electron microscope and scanning electron microscope,the nano-selenium prepared by freeze-drying was spherical particles with uniform distribution and size,and the average particle size was about 28 nm.When the seed dressing dose(nano-selenium/pea seed)was in the range of 0.25-2.50 mg·g^(-1),nano-selenium microfertilizer has little effect on the physiological indexes of Pisum sativum seedlings.The selenium content in the root of pea seedlings reached a very significant level,and the selenium content in the aboveground part was significantly higher than that of the control and other treatments at the dosage of 2.00 and 2.50 mg·g^(-1) seed dressing.In the range of 1.00-2.50 mg·g^(-1),there was a significant difference in selenium absorption;In the range of 0.25-2.50 mg·g^(-1),the selenium transformation rate decreased first and then increased.To sum up,the freeze-drying preparation method can obtain nano-selenium microfertilizer with uniform dispersion and size.When the seed dressing dose was controlled in the range of 0.25-2.50 mg·g^(-1),the absorption rate of nano-selenium in the underground part of pea seedlings was greater than the selenium transformation rate,so nano-selenium microfertilizer can be prepared by freeze-drying method for Pisum sativum production.