食品安全化学性污染物高氯酸盐污染现状及风险管控策略

Current Situation and Risk Control Strategy of Perchlorate Contamination in Food Safety Chemical Contaminant

人类对高氯酸盐的高度关注源于高氯酸的危害性。我国尚缺乏具有法律效力的有毒污染物环境风险管控体系和针对高氯酸盐管控政策,导致我国食品中高氯酸盐风险监测力度不够,溯源分析滞后,限量标准缺乏。且现有高氯酸盐风险监测对象多以商品化产品为主,缺乏地域特色农产品及食品中高氯酸盐污染现状摸排、风险水平评估,污染暴露途径、溯源分析等相关研究,同样农产品种植及生产加工环节也缺乏高氯酸盐污染监测与控制。针对以上问题,从食品中高氯酸盐污染现状、风险管控存在的问题方面进行综述,旨在让人们了解食品中高氯酸盐的污染水平和风险管控现状,使人们高度重视膳食累积摄入高氯酸的严重危害性。基于我国环境管理现状和需求,提出严格控制食品中高氯酸盐污染,制定具体风险管控措施,追溯污染源和污染途径,分析污染水平等全过程管控建议。通过借鉴国外成熟管控经验和成效,在未来的研究工作中制定完善适合我国的食品安全污染物高氯酸盐管控的具体政策措施。

The great concern of humans towards perchlorate stems from the danger of perchloric acid.China still lacks legally effective environmental risk control system for toxic pollutants and perchlorate control policy,resulting in insufficient monitoring of perchlorate rise in food,backward traceability analysis and limit standard.The monitoring objects are mostly for commercial products,lacking the analysis on the current situation of perchlorate pollution in regional characteristics agricultural products and food,risk level assessment,pollution route exposure,traceability analysis and research,resulting in the lack of perchlorate pollution monitoring and control in agricultural products planting,production and processing.In view of the above problems,this paper summarizesd the status quo of perchlorate pollution in food and the existing problems in risk control,aiming at making people understand the pollution level of perchlorate in food and the status quo of risk control,so as to make people pay more attention to the serious harm of cumulative dietary intake of perchlorate.Based on the current situation and needs of Chinese environmental management,the suggestions were put forward to control perchlorate pollution in food,formulate risk control measures,trace the source of pollution,expose the way of pollution,and analyze the level of pollution.By learning from the mature control experience and achievements of foreign countries,the future research work will be developed to improve the control policies and measures of pollutants perchlorate.