锂离子电池热失控多维信号演化及耦合机制研究综述

A review of multi-dimensional signal evolution and coupling mechanism of lithium-ion battery thermal runaway

锂离子电池热失控问题是当前电化学储能电站安全的核心问题。准确详尽地掌握电池热失控过程是实现储能电站主动安全预警的前提。然而,锂离子电池是具有复杂非线性特性的电化学系统,其热失控过程将在多维物理场上表现出不同的信号特征,现有仅靠电压和温度等外特性信号的电池管理系统难以全面客观地监测电池的安全健康状态。因此,研究电池热失控过程中多维信号的演变及耦合机制具有重要意义。本文系统综述了锂离子电池热失控过程中的热、电、机械和气体四个维度的特征信号的演变规律,分析不同维度物理场信号之间的耦合特征,并展望基于多维传感信号融合的电池主动安全预警技术在储能电站的应用。

Thermal runaway of lithium-ion batteries is the core issue of current electrochemical energy storage power stations regarding safety.Accurate and detailed description of the battery thermal runaway is the premise to realize the active safety warning of energy storage power stations.However,lithium-ion battery is an electrochemical system with complex nonlinear characteristics,which exhibits multi-dimensional signal characteristics during their thermal runaway evolution.It is difficult to comprehensively monitor batteries'safety and health status only by a single signal characteristic.Therefore,studying the evolution and coupling mechanism of multi-dimensional signals in the battery thermal runaway is essential.This review systematically investigated the evolution laws of characteristic signals in the four dimensions of thermal,electricity,machinery,and gas during the thermal runaway of lithiumion batteries and analyzed the coupling characteristics between different signals.Furthermore,an active safety early warning method has prospected for energy storage batteries based on multi-dimensional sensing signals.