2017—2020年甘肃省发热呼吸道症候群常见病毒监测结果分析

Surveillance results of common viruses of febrile respiratory syndrome in Gansu province from 2017 to 2020

目的了解2017—2020年甘肃省发热呼吸道症候群(FRS)常见呼吸道病毒病原谱,流行病学特征及临床特点,为发热呼吸道症候群疾病的防控和临床诊疗提供参考依据。方法资料来源于"传染病监测技术平台信息管理系统",收集2017—2020年甘肃省发热呼吸道症候群哨点医院监测病例信息及呼吸道病毒核酸检测结果,采用IBM SPSS 25.0进行数据分析。结果3678份样本中共检出8种病毒,总阳性率为29.20%(1074/3678)。排在前三位的病毒分别为流感病毒(7.18%)、呼吸道合胞病毒(7.15%)、鼻病毒(5.82%),2种病毒及以上混合感染检出率为4.57%。不同年龄组病毒检出率差异具有统计学意义(x^(2)=130.667,P<0.001),<1岁组和1~4岁组呼吸道合胞病毒检出率最高,其余年龄组均以流感病毒检出率最高,≥60岁组各种病毒检出率均较低。住院病例阳性率低于门诊病例阳性率,不同年龄组住院病例和门诊病例阳性率差异有统计学意义(x^(2)=86.43,P<0.001)。FRS病毒阳性病例全年均有检出,11月份病毒检出率最高,呼吸道合胞病毒检出率在11月至次年1月较高,流感病毒检出率在1月至4月较高,腺病毒和鼻病毒检出率在夏季较高,各种病毒全年检出率的差异有统计学意义(x^(2)=24.842,P=0.010)。结论应加强对发热呼吸道症候群常见呼吸道病毒的持续性监测,了解其流行特征,为发热呼吸道症候群疾病的防控提供科学依据。

Objective To understand the pathogenic spectrum,epidemiological and clinical characteristics of common respiratory viruses in febrile respiratory syndrome(FRS)in Gansu province from 2017 to 2020,so as to provide references for the prevention and control as well as clinical diagnosis and treatment of febrile respiratory syndrome.Methods The source of data was the"Infectious Disease Surveillance Technology Platform Information Management System".The case information and respiratory virus nucleic acid detection results from the FRS sentinel hospitals in Gansu province from 2017 to 2020 were collected.The data were analyzed by IBM SPSS 25.0.Results A total of 8 viruses were detected in 3678 samples,and the total positive rate was 29.20%(1074/3678).The top three viruses were influenza virus(7.18%),respiratory syncytial virus(7.15%),and rhinovirus(5.82%).The detection rate of mixed infections with two or more viruses was 4.57%.The difference of virus detection rates among different age groups was statistically significant(x^(2)=130.667,P<0.001).The detection rates of respiratory syncytial virus in the<1 year old group and 1-4 years old group were the highest,while the detection rates of influenza virus were the highest in other age groups.The detection rates of all viruses in the>60 years old group were low.The positive rate of inpatient cases was lower than that of outpatient cases.The difference between the positive rates of inpatient and outpatient cases of different age groups were statistically significant(x^(2)=86.43,P<0.001).The virus positive FRS cases were detected throughout the year.The detection rate of virus was the highest in November.The detection rate of respiratory syncytial virus was higher from November to the next January.The detection rate of influenza virus was higher from January to April.The detection rate of adenovirus and rhinovirus was higher in summer.The difference in annual detection rates of all viruses was statistically significant(x^(2)=24.842,P=0.010).Conclusions Surveillance of common respiratory virus of FRS should be enhanced to understand the epidemiological characteristics to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of FRS diseases.