继发于自身免疫性脑炎的急性症状性癫痫发作和自身免疫相关性癫痫的特点分析

Characteristics of acute symptomatic seizures and autoimmune associated epilepsy secondary to autoimmune encephalitis

自身免疫性脑炎(AE)与癫痫发作关系密切,癫痫发作是该疾病急性期的一种常见或唯一表现。多数患者在急性期或亚急性期治疗之后就不再出现癫痫发作,这类患者归为继发于AE的急性症状性癫痫发作(ASSAE)。仅有少数患者最终会发展为自身免疫相关性癫痫(AAE)。目前临床上对于ASSAE与AAE的诊断尚无统一标准,但两者在定义、发病机制、诊断和治疗等方面均有一定差别。本文现围绕ASSAE与AAE在上述几方面的异同点作一综述,旨在为临床医生鉴别诊断这两种疾病提供帮助。

Autoimmune encephalitis(AE)is closely related to epileptic seizure,which is a common clinical manifestation or even the only symptom at acute phase of AE.Most patients do not develop seizures after treatment at acute or subacute stages,and these patients are classified as acute symptomatic seizures secondary to AE(ASSAE).Only a minority of patients will eventually develop autoimmune associated epilepsy(AAE).At present,no unified standard for clinical diagnosis is noted between ASSAE and AAE,but some differences exist in definition,pathogenesis,diagnosis and treatment.This paper summarizes the similarities and differences between ASSAE and AAE in the above aspects,aiming at providing help for clinicians to differentiate the diagnosis of the two diseases.