数字时代的算法滥用及其规制研究

Algorithm Abuse and Algorithm Regulation in the Digital Era

在数字经济时代,算法技术结合大数据和机器学习后已被应用于自动化或辅助决策、精准匹配和趋势预测等诸多生产或管理活动中。伴随其在商业和公共管理等领域的广泛深刻运用,因算法权利异化导致的算法滥用问题逐渐受到人们的担忧和重视。算法滥用存在针对不同主体的诸多现实或潜在的危害与弊端,足以影响到数字经济的健康可持续发展。因此,数字经济时代引致出针对算法进行规制和监管的需求。不同于传统的规制和监管的范式与手段,针对算法进行规制监管存在诸多问题与挑战。通过分析当前典型的算法规制思路与治理范式,结合算法规制监管的实施特点和痛点难点,本文针对性地提出建立以广义算法公开为基础的分场景算法审查、监管和评议的综合技术规制框架;建立在算法伦理基础上的外部监管问责、平台责任义务相结合的法规体系;建立以个体数据赋权为主要形式的健全维权途径、强化维权意识和配置个人算法权利的数据主体算法权利保障;建立算法设计主体价值与算法相关主体价值收敛协同发展、强化算法设计者社会责任的具体实现路径,以图探求适合中国数字经济背景下的算法规制体系建设思路。

Benefiting from big data and machine learning,algorithm technology has been widely adopted in various circumstances,such as decision-making,precise matching,trend prediction,and other production or management activities in this digital economy era.With the increasing use of algorithm technology under diverse scenarios,people have begun to raise the concerns of algorithm abuse caused by algorithm's power alienation,which can potentially discriminate across subjects and eventually impede the sustainable development of a digital economy.It follows that a new set of regulations is urged to implement in the hope of providing efficient monitoring for algorithm technology.Unlike traditional governance mechanisms,the monitoring of algorithm technology could be complex in practice.By analyzing the typical algorithm regulation and governance paradigms,we propose a comprehensive regulatory framework to review,supervise,and evaluate algorithms under different scenarios based on the generalized algorithm disclosure.In addition,we propose to establish a regulatory and law system based on algorithmic ethics,external regulatory accountability and platform responsibility.A sound system is also requisite to safeguard rights,especially individual data empowerment,awareness of safeguard rights,as well as individual algorithms.Finally,we need to establish a concrete realization path which coordinates the value of algorithm design subject and algorithm related subject for the convergence and synergistic development,and to strengthen the social responsibility of algorithm designers.All of these are believed to be useful for building an effective and suitable algorithm regulation system for China's digital economy.