不同水库水位和泥沙水位下低水位出口形状对冲刷锥的影响研究

Influence of Low Water Level Outlet Shape on Reservoir Water Level and Sediment LevelStudy on the Influence of Scouring Cone

坝后泥沙淤积降低了水库库容,造成水轮机损坏和发电损失。为了优化冲沙口的设计和布局,通过建立物理模型,分别在3个水位和3个泥沙水位下对4种不同的出口形状进行试验以研究不同水位和泥沙水位下低水位出口形状对冲刷锥的影响。结果表明,所有出口形状的冲刷锥几何参数,即冲刷长度、宽度、深度和体积,都随着上游水头的增加或泥沙水位的增加而增加。并根据此结果,建立了冲刷锥参数的无量纲方程。

The sediment deposition behind the dam reduces the reservoir capacity,causing damage to hydraulic turbines and power generation losses.In order to optimize the design and layout of the scouring outlet,a physical model is designed in this paper.Four different outlet shapes are tested under three water levels and three sediment water levels to study the influence of low water level outlet shape on the scouring cone under different water levels and sediment water levels.The results show that the geometric parameters of scour cone of all outlet shapes,namely scour length,width,depth and volume,increase with the increase of upstream water head or sediment level.Based on this result,the dimensionless equation of the parameters of the scour cone is established.