论低楼层业主对电梯加装的容忍义务与牺牲补偿请求权

Tolerance Obligations and Sacrifice Compensation Claims for Low-rise Building Owners in Elevator Installation

老旧小区加装电梯便利了中高楼层业主出行,但也可能对低楼层业主的采光、通风等造成妨害。基于对中高楼层业主更高法益的保护,低楼层业主对此负有容忍义务,不能主张排除妨害、消除危险等防御请求权。该容忍义务可以在相邻关系框架内得到证成。电梯加装行为应遵循比例原则的限制,尽量将对低楼层业主的妨害限制在最小限度内。同时,应赋予低楼层业主牺牲补偿请求权,以补偿其因电梯加装而遭受的损失。低楼层房屋的所有权人、居住权人享有牺牲补偿请求权,而承租人、抵押权人并不享有该权利。牺牲补偿应适用全额补偿原则,数额为低楼层房屋权利人所遭受的全部损失。

The installation of elevators in old residential areas facilitates the travel of owners of middle and high-rise buildings,but it may also hinder the lighting and ventilation of owners of the low-rise buildings.In order to protect the higher legal interests of the owners of mid-and high-rise buildings,the owners of the low-rise buildings have the obligation to tolerate this,and cannot claim the right of defense such as removing obstacles and eliminating dangers.This duty of tolerance can be justifiedwithin the framework of adjacent relationship.The elevator installation should be limited by the principle of proportionality,and the disturbance to the owners of the low-rise buildings should be limited to a minimum.At the same time,the owners of the low-rise buildings should be given the right to claim compensation for sacrifice to make up for the losses they suffered from the elevators installation.Owners and occupiers of low-rise buildings have the right to claim compensation fo sacrifice,while lessees and mortgagees do not.Sacrifice compensation shall apply the principle of full compensation,and the amount shall be the total loss suffered by the owners of the lowrise buildings.