适用于中国的食物营养素丰富度指数的建立与验证

Development and validation of the nutrient-rich food index for China

目的通过人群膳食质量验证,筛选适用于中国居民的食物营养素丰富度指数(nutrient-rich food index,NRF指数)。方法依据《中国食物成分表》和“中国食品标签营养素参考值”,以100 g为计算基准,构建16个NRF指数。利用“中国健康与营养调查”项目2018年在15个省14068名成年居民中收集的食物摄入量数据,通过膳食质量评价指标中国精简膳食质量评分(China Prime Diet Quality Score,CPDQS)对NRF指数进行验证。以CPDQS为因变量,膳食NRF指数得分为自变量,调整协变量后进行多重线性回归分析,以决定系数R2最大的NRF指数作为最适宜指数。结果NRF8.2指数回归分析的R2最大,为0.16。干豆类、菌藻类、坚果、蔬菜、蛋类、水产的NRF8.2指数得分较高。相对于膳食NRF8.2指数低得分组,高得分组平均每天有更多的谷薯类、蔬菜、水果、大豆及坚果、奶类、蛋类和水产的摄入,同时有较少的畜禽肉、饮料、盐和烹调油的消费。在营养素摄入方面,膳食NRF8.2指数中和高得分组有相对较高的能量、蛋白质、维生素和矿物质的摄入,同时有相对较低的脂肪和钠摄入。结论NRF8.2指数能最大程度解释CPDQS变异,是相对适用于中国居民的NRF指数。

OBJECTIVE To select the nutrient-rich food(NRF)index applicable to the food characteristics of Chinese residents through population-based dietary quality validation.METHODS Sixteen NRF indices were constructed based on the Chinese Food Composition Table and the Chinese Food Labelling Nutrient Reference Values,using 100 g as the base amount of food for calculation.The NRF indices were validated by the China Prime Diet Quality Score(CPDQS),a dietary quality assessment index,using food intake data collected from 14068 adult residents in 15 provinces in 2018 under the China Health and Nutrition Survey.The CPDQS was used as the dependent variable and the dietary NRF index score was used as the independent variable.The multiple linear regression models were performed after adjusting the covariates and the NRF index with the largest coefficient of determination R~2 was used as the most appropriate index.RESULTS Regression analysis showed that the R~2 of NRF8.2 index was the largest,which was 0.16.Dried legumes,fungi and algae,nuts,vegetables,eggs and aquatic products scored higher on the NRF8.2 index.The high scoring subgroups had higher average daily intakes of cereals and potatoes,vegetables,fruits,soybeans and nuts,dairy,eggs and aquatic products,as well as lower consumption of livestock and poultry meat,beverages,salt and cooking oil,compared to the low scoring subgroup on the Dietary NRF8.2 Index.In terms of nutrient intake,the medium and high NRF8.2 subgroups had relatively high intakes of energy,protein,vitamins and minerals and relatively low intakes of fat and sodium.CONCLUSION The NRF8.2 index explains the maximum variation in CPDQS and is a relatively suitable NRF index for the Chinese population.