数字乡村对农业绿色全要素生产率的影响及其作用机制

Impact of digital village construction on agricultural green total factor productivity and its mechanisms

近年来,推进数字乡村建设已经成为中国的一项重要国家战略。然而,目前鲜有文献涉及数字乡村建设与农业绿色全要素生产率关系的考察。基于此,运用2019年1 740个县级行政单位样本,采用工具变量模型和中介效应模型等考察了数字乡村对农业绿色全要素生产率的影响及其作用机制,研究发现:(1)数字乡村促进了农业绿色全要素生产率的提高,并且经过工具变量检验等一系列稳健性检验后,该结论仍然成立。(2)数字乡村主要通过两个途径影响农业绿色全要素生产率,一是数字乡村通过推动农业经营主体规模经营促进农业绿色全要素生产率提高,其中对于GML和ML指数度量的农业绿色全要素生产率,规模经营度的中介效应占总效应的比例分别为1.80%和3.70%;二是数字乡村通过推动农业信息化发展促进农业绿色全要素生产率提高,其中对于GML和ML指数度量的农业绿色全要素生产率,农业信息化的中介效应占总效应的比例分别为1.70%和1.40%。(3)异质性分析发现,在农业规模经营地区数字乡村对农业绿色全要素生产率有显著的促进作用,但在非规模经营地区没有显著影响。在东部地区和中部地区数字乡村对农业绿色全要素生产率有显著促进作用,但在西部地区没有显著影响。这意味着,需要继续推进数字乡村建设与完善;重点支持农业规模经营,促进农业技术进步和农业内部产业结构优化;稳步推进农业信息化发展,助推农业生产要素和资源优化、集成配置;实施非均衡发展策略,各地因地制宜地完善数字乡村设施,充分挖掘提高农业绿色全要素生产率的潜力。

In recent years,promoting the construction of digital village has become an important national strategy in China.However,there is little literature on the relationship between digital village construction and agricultural green total factor productivity(AGTFP).To fill the gap,this study used a sample of 1740 county-level administrative units in China in 2019 and used the instrumental variable model and the mediating effect model to examine the impact of digital village construction on AGTFP and its mechanisms.This study found that:①Digital village construction promoted the improvement of AGTFP.A series of robustness tests,including instrumental variable test,proved that the findings still held.②The impact of digital village construction on AGTFP was realized mainly through two pathways:one was by promoting scaled operations of agri-business,and for the AGTFP measured by the GML and ML indexes,the mediating effect of scaled operation degree accounted for 1.80%and 3.70%of the total effect,respectively;the other was by promoting the development of agricultural informatization and for the AGTFP measured by the GML and ML indexes,the mediating effect of agricultural informatization accounted for 1.70%and 1.40%of the total effect,respectively.③Heterogeneity analysis found that in areas with scaled agricultural operations,digital village construction significantly promoted AGTFP,while in areas without scaled operations,no such connection was found.In China’s eastern and central regions,digital villages exhibited a significant promotion effect on AGTFP,and no such effect was found in the western region.Therefore,the following measures are suggested to fully tap the potential for AGTFP improvement:we should continuously promote digital village construction,support scaled agricultural operations,promote agricultural technologies and the optimization of agricultural internal structure,promote steadily agricultural informatization and the optimization and integrated allocation of agricultural production factors and resources,implement non-balanced development strategies,and improve rural digital facilities according to local conditions.