COVID-19流行初期和常态化防控阶段大型劳动密集型企业员工疫情相关知信行调查

An epidemiological survey on knowledge, attitudes and practices related to COVID-19 among employees during the early and the normalized prevention and control stage of the epidemic

目的 了解COVID-19流行初期和常态化防控阶段大型劳动密集型企业员工疫情相关知信行(knowledge, attitudes and practices, KAP)状况,为企业复工复产和日常生产生活中园区疫情防控工作提供依据。方法 于2020年2月1日―4月30日和2022年1月2日―2月15日采用电子问卷对深圳市某大型劳动密集企业在职员工进行调查。结果 15 107名研究对象完成了两轮调查,平均年龄(32.42±6.02)岁。与流行初期相比,常态化防控阶段研究对象疫情相关知识(72.3%vs.84.9%)和态度(82.7%vs.89.1%)得分有所提升。知识方面,不同阶段病毒传播途径和物理防护措施各条目正确率较高,感染者主要临床症状和感染后果以及预防/治疗知识大多数条目正确率较低;态度方面,不同阶段研究对象能够意识到疫情的重要影响并积极寻求治疗,但对感染者能够被治愈的信心和能够判断自己是否具有相关症状的报告率较低。常态化防控阶段研究对象疫情防控行为总体执行程度有所下降(92.37%vs.88.21%),主要表现为大多数行为条目报告“完全做到”的比例降低。结论 应针对不同阶段劳动密集型企业员工疫情相关KAP薄弱环节,在后续健康教育中给予积极引导。

Objective To investigate the level of knowledge, attitudes and practices(KAP) related to COVID-19 among employees in large labor-intensive enterprises during the early stage and the normalized prevention and control stage of the COVID-19 epidemic, we aimed to provide scientific evidence for the formulation of prevention and control strategies to avoid COVID-19 epidemic in the process of resuming work and production and in the employees’ daily work and life. Methods Two rounds of epidemiological surveys were conducted among employees in a large labor-intensive enterprise in Shenzhen from February 1 to April 30, 2020, and from January 2 to February 15, 2022, respectively. Results A total of 15 107 participants [mean(SD) age, 32.42(6.02) years] completed two rounds of self-administered questionnaires. The COVID-19-related knowledge level(72.3%vs.84.9%) and attitude level(82.7%vs.89.1%) of participants improved during the normalized prevention and control stage of the COVID-19 epidemic compared with the eraly stage. In terms of COVID-19-related knowledge, almost every item on transmission route and physical protection measures had a high correct rate, while most items on the main clinical symptoms and consequences of being infected, and the knowledge of COVID-19 prevention or treatment had a poor correct rate during the different stages of the COVID-19 epidemic. In the light of COVID-19-related attitudes, most of participants were able to be aware of the adverse effects of the COVID-19 epidemic and said they would actively seek treatment if infected with SARS-CoV-2. However, they were less confident that SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals could be cured, and it was difficult for participants to determine the COVID-19-related symptoms. The overall implementation of the COVID-19-related practices of participants decreased(92.37%vs.88.21%) from the early stage to the normalized prevention and control stage of the COVID-19 epidemic, mainly reflecting in a decline in the proportion reporting “Fully achieved” in most practices items. Conclusions Active guidance should be given in the following health education in time to address the misconceptions on COVID-19 related KAP among employees in the large labor-intensive enterprise during the different stages of the COVID-19 epidemic.