2020年COVID-19疫情期间广州市法定报告传染病2015-2019年的变化情况

Incidence comparison of notifiable communicable diseases in Guangzhou during the outbreak of COVID-19 in 2020 and 2015-2019

目的 了解2020年中国COVID-19疫情期间广州市法定传染病报告发病变化情况。方法 数据来源于全国法定传染病疾病监测信息报告管理系统,采用描述性流行病学分析方法,对COVID-19疫情不同突发公共卫生应急响应阶段广州市法定传染病报告发病率与2015―2019年同期平均水平进行比较,统计分析采用R 3.5.0软件。结果 2020年四个不同阶段广州市法定传染病报告发病率分别为272.38/10万、51.16/10万、130.34/10万和664.25/10万,分别较2015―2019年同期平均水平上升187.76%、下降30.37%、下降57.64%和下降41.85%,尤其以丙类传染病变化最大。不同传播途径甲乙类传染病在一级响应启动后均明显下降,除自然疫源和虫媒传染病外,其余均在降为二级、三级响应后降幅缩小。从不同病种来看,以流行性感冒为代表的急性传染病均在重大突发公共卫生事件一级响应启动后较往年同期平均水平下降,且在降为二级响应后降幅继续增加;AIDS/HIV、梅毒、乙型肝炎(简称乙肝)等慢性传染病则在一级响应后较往年同期平均水平下降,但在二、三级响应后降幅缩小。结论 COVID-19疫情期间,广州市各类法定传染病报告发病率下降,尤其是流行性感冒为代表的急性传染病,甚至在疫情后期也是如此。

Objective To understand the change of incidence of notifiable communicable diseases in Guangzhou during the epidemic of COVID-19 in 2020. Methods The data in this study were collected from the National Communicable Disease Reporting Information System. We applied descriptive analysis to compare the incidence of reported notifiable communicable diseases in Guangzhou for COVID-19 in four different time stages in 2020 and 2015-2019. R 3.5.0 software was used for statistical analysis. Results The incidence rate of reported notifiable communicable diseases in four different time stages in Guangzhou was 272.38/10~5, 51.16/10~5, 130.34/10~5 and 664.25/10~5 in 2020, respectively. The incidence rates increased by 187.76%,-30.37%,-57.64% and-41.85% respectively, compared with the average level in 2015-2019, especially the incidence rate of class C communicable diseases. All kinds of different transmission communicable diseases of class A and B decreased significantly after starting the first-level response. However, it decreased slowly in the second and third level response except for natural focal communicable diseases and vector-borne diseases. The incidence rate of acute communicable diseases such as influenza decreased significantly after the first-level response and decreased faster after the second-level response. However, the incidence rate of chronic communicable diseases such as HIV/AIDS, syphilis and hepatitis B decreased after the first-level response, but declined narrowed after the second and third level response. Conclusions The incidence rate of reported notifiable communicable diseases has changed significantly before and after the epidemic of COVID-19, especially that of acute communicable diseases such as influenza, and even in the late stage of the epidemic.