从跨文化视角看域外对中国古典文学的误译与误读——以什克洛夫斯基《散文理论》为例

A Cross-Cultural Approach to Mistranslation and Misreading of Classical Chinese Literature Abroad:The Case of Shklovsky’s Theory of Prose

中国古典文学的域外接受是文化“走出去”的有效路径之一,从受众角度审视文学的域外认知图景,可为中华传统文化有效传播和建立文化共识提供借鉴。然而,跨文化交流时常伴随着由语言差异和文化缺省带来的误译和误读。本文以俄国评论家什克洛夫斯基的论著《散文理论》(Теория о прозе)中的“中国小说初探”一文为媒介,考察其与俄国汉学界对中国古典文学的俄译本、我国学界对其《散文理论》中译本的交互关系,既肯定译者在理解、传播和建构中华文化主体性过程中所产生的积极意义,同时也尊重艺术阐释的多样性,以中俄两国独特的民族话语和文化价值作为参照,从跨文化视角审视汉俄互译本及衍生本中对中国古典文学的误译与误读。

The reception of classical Chinese literature abroad is one of the effective paths for culture to “go out”,examining the cognitive scene of the translated literature from the perspective of the overseas readers can provide reference for the effective dissemination of traditional Chinese culture and the establishment of cultural consensus. However, the intercultural communication is often accompanied by mistranslations and misreadings resulting from linguistic differences and cultural defaults. This paper examines A Preliminary Study of Chinese Novels in Теория о прозе by the Russian critic Shklovsky,focusing on its interaction with the Russian translations of classical Chinese literature in the Russian sinological circle and the Chinese translation Theory of Prose of Shklovsky’s Теория о прозе in the Chinese academic community. It not only affirms the positive significance of the translators in the process of understanding, disseminating and constructing the subjectivity of Chinese culture, but also respects the diversity of artistic interpretation, and takes the unique national discourse and cultural values of China and Russia as a reference. From a cross-cultural perspective, we investigate the mistranslations and misreadings of the Russian translations of the classical Chinese literature and the paratexts.