数字人权规范构造的体系化展开

Systematic Expansion of the Construction of Digital Human Rights Norms

数字人权的规范构造,意在将数字人权从价值观念转化为融贯于现有法律体系的制度规范。数字人权从内容上可分为数字生存权、数字自由权、数字平等权、数字救济权四类二阶权利,并进一步衍生出一个具有开放性的权利体系。数字人权规范的形式构造,可基于法律概念、法律规则、法律原则三者的互动关系理论。数字人权规则的司法适用需要借助演绎推理和类比推理;数字人权原则的司法适用重在明确权衡的情境,并细化权衡的方法。在数字人权规范的适用过程中,解决权利竞合问题宜遵循最小限制原则和最大相关原则;解决权利冲突问题需经过三阶权衡:基于数据的可识别性进行前置性判断、以公共利益为取向作出利益衡量、根据比例原则检验合理性。

The purpose of normative construction of digital human rights is to transform digital human rights from values to institutional norms and integrate them into the existing legal system.Digital human rights can be divided into four categories of rights,namely digital right to existence,digital right to freedom,digital right to equality,and digital right to remedy,from which a two-level open system can be derived.The construction of the normative form of digital human rights can be based on the interactions among legal concepts,legal rules and legal principles.The judicial application of digital human rights rules requires the use of deductive reasoning and analogous reasoning,while the judicial application of digital human rights principles focuses on clarifying the context of the trade-off and refining the method of the trade-off.In the process of applying digital human rights norms,the least restriction doctrine and the maximum relevance principle should be followed to solve the problem of concurrence of rights.There are three layers of trade-offs in resolving conflicts of rights,i.e.,the antecedent judgment based on the identifiability of data,the weighing of interests based on public interest,and the test of reasonableness based on the principle of proportionality.