法日英在南沙群岛的角力与法国南沙政策的两次调整(1933—1938)

The Wrestling of France,Japan and Britain in Nansha Islands and the Two Adjustments of French Nansha policy(1933-1938)

1933年7月26日,法国宣称占领南沙“九小岛”,国民政府的抗议被法国忽视,而日本的非法声索却受到法国的重视。出于对远东政策的贯彻以及对日本“恫吓外交”的屈服,法国被迫于1934年对南沙政策作出调整。全面抗日战争爆发后,法国派舰前往南沙群岛巡视,试图重新进行“有效占领”,针对日本非法占领经营太平岛,法日在东京和太平岛进行多轮交涉。英国亦几次试图伺机攫取南沙部分岛礁,盘算落空后则竭力怂恿法国登岛以抗衡日本。1938年,法国再次调整其南沙政策,并派兵登上太平岛。法国南沙政策的两次调整主要基于远东局势的变化,亦是对其“印度支那”安全、利益等因素权衡的结果。

On July 26,1933,France claimed to occupy“Nine Islands”in Nansha.The Nationalist Government’s protest was selectively ignored by France,while Japan’s voice was taken seriously.France was forced to adjust its Nansha policy in 1934 because of the implementation of its Far East Policy and the submission to Japan’s“intimidating diplomacy”and public opinion pressure.After“the July 7 Incident of 1937”,France sent warships to patrol the Nansha Islands in an attempt to“effectively occupy”them again.For the illegal occupation of Taiping Island by the Japanese,France and Japan made several rounds of negotiations in Tokyo and Taiping Island.Britain also tried several times to seize some islands and reefs in Nansha,but failed,so it tried its best to encourage France to land on the island to counter Japan.In 1938,France adjusted its Nansha policy again and sent troops to Taiping Island.The two adjustments of French Nansha policy were mainly based on the changes of situation in the Far East,and were also the result of balancing and compromising the security and interests of Indo-China.