超级平台市场力量的三种规制模式

Three Models of Regulating against Market Power of Super Platforms

超级平台依靠数字技术获得的特殊市场力量已经凸显。传统的市场力量滥用控制制度,本质上要求具有强大市场力量的经营者承担特定的行为义务,以此为参照,超级平台市场力量法律控制在中国、德国和欧盟呈现出了准用传统滥用控制制度、预防性反垄断控制和行业直接规制三种模式。德国模式在反垄断法中引入新的市场力量类型和预防性控制,尝试挖掘反垄断理论解释力并拓展制度的数字化适应性。欧盟模式的立法目的和保护法益与竞争法相同,但直接规制模式舍弃竞争利益考量,脱离立法目的的规约,制度纠错成本高。我国新修订的《中华人民共和国反垄断法》及此前执法实践确立的反垄断法准用模式,在数字经济迅速迭代更新的当下,有利于实现促进创新和发展的审慎监管目标。

Relying on digital technology,the special market power gained by super platforms has come to the fore.The traditional market power abuse control system essentially requires enterprises with significant market power to undertake specific behavioral obligations,and with this as a frame of reference,the super platform market power control in China,Germany and the EU presents three models of quasi-application of the traditional abuse control system,preventive anti-monopoly control and industry-direct regulation.The German model introduces new types of market power and preventive controls into antitrust law in an attempt to exploit the explanatory power of antitrust theory and expand the digital adaptability of the system.The legislative purpose and protection interests of the EU model are the same as those of competition law,but the direct regulation model discards the consideration of competition interests,detaches from the statute of legislative purpose,and hence has a high cost of institutional correction.China’s newly revised anti-monopoly law and the previous enforcement practice have established the quasi-application model of antimonopoly law,which is more conducive to achieving the prudential regulatory objectives of promoting innovation and development at a time when the digital economy is still rapidly iterating and updating.