闽粤赣客家传统民居建筑的主要特征及文化溯源

The main characteristics and cultural origin of Hakka traditional residential buildings

自西晋五胡乱华之后,来自中原地区的客家移民定居后在闽粤赣边区形成了民居聚落群。民居建筑忠实地反映了当时社会的政治、经济、思想和文化面貌,是城市的凝固记忆,是社会变革与文化变迁的历史见证。为适应闽粤赣边区的特殊地域环境,客家民居在建筑材料、规模、形态上都包含了坚固性、安全性、封闭性以及合族聚居性,也体现出中原汉文化顽强的延承性,在住宅的基本结构、造型、空间布局、对外关系上保持着对原乡中原民居传统的承袭。

Hakka immigrants from the Central Plains have settled down in the border areas of Fujian,Guangdong and Jiangxi since the Western Jin Dynasty and the Five Dynasties of China.The residential buildings faithfully reflect the political,economic,ideological and cultural outlook of the society at that time.They are the solidified memory of the city and the historical witness of social and cultural changes.In order to adapt to the special regional environment of the border region of Fujian,Guangdong and Jiangxi,Hakka dwellings have included firmness,security,closeness and the nature of ethnic groups in terms of building materials,scale and form.The traditional Hakka dwellings also reflect the tenacious inheritance of the Han culture in the Central Plains,and maintain the inheritance of the traditional Hakka dwellings in the original hometown in terms of the basic structure,shape,spatial layout and external relations of the residence.