绿色区位导向性政策的碳减排效应——来自国家生态工业示范园区的实践

Carbon Reduction Effect of Green Place-based Policy:Evidence from the National Eco-Industrial Exemplary Park

气候变化背景下,实现“双碳”目标是中国高质量发展进程中的关键问题,而探索如何通过“以点带面”的方式推动碳减排,在区域政策层面揭示碳减排机制则是破解这一问题的重要基础。本文依托国家生态工业示范园区的实践,采用2003~2017年中国区县层面数据,利用双重差分等方法实证检验了绿色区位导向性政策对碳排放的影响及其作用机制。研究发现国家生态工业示范园区的创建导致区县层面二氧化碳排放量降低约4%,有效促进了地区碳减排,主要结论通过了一系列稳健性检验。机制检验结果表明,国家生态工业示范园区的建设主要通过提高全过程环境规制强度和城市绿色创新水平促进地区碳减排。拓展性分析结果显示,对于高等级城市和高溢出能力城市下辖的园区,以及较晚获批和地处东部的园区,其碳减排效应更加显著。研究结论表明中国特色的绿色区位导向性政策是积极应对气候变化,推动实现“双碳”目标的有效举措,同时为新发展阶段传统开发区的绿色转型和区位导向性政策的合理制定提供了实践经验。

"Carbon peaking"and "carbon neutralization"are major goals for China to actively respond to climate change in the new stage of development.The path to achieving these goals is a key issue in China's high-quality development.How to promote carbon emission reduction in a"fanning out"manner and determine the carbon emission reduction mechanism is basic in resolving this issue.Based on county-level data from 2003 to 2017,we study the impact of the National Eco-Industrial Exemplary Park on carbon emissions at the county level in China.We find that the establishment of the National Eco-Industrial Exemplary Park reduces carbon emissions at the county level by approximately 4%,indicating that the policy can promote the reduction of regional carbon emissions.Tests of the mechanisms reveal that the construction of the National Eco-Industrial Exemplary Park mainly reduces regional carbon emissions by strengthening environmental regulation in multiple aspects and improving green innovation.Additional analyses reveal that the identified emission-reduction effects are more significant for parks in cities with higher hierarchy and stronger spillovers,parks in counties in the eastern region,and parks established after 2009.The study confirms the effectiveness of green place-based policy in carbon emission and provides an empirical basis for the implementation of policies related to the green transformation of Chinese traditional development zones.