当代中国马克思主义哲学新范式:系统为基的“主主平等普惠”——基于对中西现代化哲学根基的比较分析

A New Paradigm of Contemporary Chinese Marxist Philosophy:"Equality and Universal Benefit of Subject-Subject"Based on System Thinking——A Comparative Analysis of the Philosophical Foundations of Modernization between China and the West

要建构当代中国马克思主义哲学,需要明确其研究对象、基本方法、哲学范式、核心概念、主体理论、总体框架、理论地位等,其中哲学范式是最为核心的。西方现代化和“西方中心论”的哲学根基是“主客二分”,马克思理论体系的哲学基础是“主主平等发展”,当代中国马克思主义哲学应确立的新范式是系统为基的“主主平等普惠”。它反映了中国特色社会主义发展的历史逻辑,体现了中国式现代化的现实逻辑,彰显了习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想的理论逻辑,也反映了21世纪世界发展大势和走向的时代逻辑。系统为基的“主主平等普惠”,摒弃主统治客的“主客二分”哲学范式;反对基于“一元”的对立,立足“多种”要素构成的有机系统;把系统各要素都看作主体,而非有的是主体、有的却是客体;强调各要素作为主体都是平等的“主体”,主体之间是平等关系,具有“平等性”;注重主体际所具有的“普惠”性,即共享发展、共同富裕、和谐共生、合作共赢;蕴含“利他为善”“化人为善”“善治普惠”的时代精神。

In the 20th century discourse of modernization,"West"and"modernization"became closely related and inseparable keywords.With the increasing spillover effects of"China miracle",Chinese modernization has gradually become a new term in the 21st century discourse of global modernization.The philosophical foundations of Western modernization were established on the""subject-object dichotomy",for which the underlying structure was based on"subject dominates object",but the philosophical foundations of Chinese modernization are established on"equality and universal benefit of subject-subject",and its underlying structure is based on the analytical framework of"intersubject".The constructive logic of the philosophical foundations of Western modernization has three core links:interpreting the"road of Western modernization"as"the only road of world modernization";accepting Western civilization as the most advanced civilization in the world,where the West is the"host"and the non-West is the"guest",with the understanding that the host is master;a Western sense of superiority that provides it with a mission of salvation,sanctioning it willfully impose the fact of self-understanding on non-Western nations.The tenor of Marxist philosophy's observation of human society reflects a logical framework that focuses on the relationship between the subject and the subject and emphasizes the equality between them while simultaneously attending to the development of productive forces.In a certain sense,the philosophical paradigm of Marx's theoretical system can be summarized as"equal development between the subject and the subject".Contemporary Chinese Marxist philosophy should be"constructed"on the conviction that it is necessary to clarify its research object,its basic methods,its philosophical paradigm,its core concepts,its subject theory,its overall framework,its theoretical status,and so on.Among the above,its philosophical paradigm is the most fundamental.The new paradigm that contemporary Chinese Marxist philosophy should establish is the equality and universal benefit of"subject-subject"based on system thinking.It must abandon the philosophical paradigm of"subject-object dichotomy"in which the subject dominates the object and resist the opposition based on‘monism"while maintaining its foothold in an organic system composed of multiple elements.For this new paradigm,all elements of the system are regarded as subjects,rather than regarding some as subjects and others as objects.It should emphasize that all elements as subjects are equal""subjects".It must also pay attention to the universal benefit between subject and subject,including those concerning shared development,common prosperity,harmonious coexistence,and win-win cooperation,whereby the equality and inclusiveness of the subject and the subject maintains the values of"benefiting others for good","transforming people into good",and"good governance and inclusiveness".It reflects the historical logic of the development of socialism with Chinese characteristics and the realistic logic of Chinese modernization,and reflects the theoretical logic of Xi Jinping Thought on socialism with Chinese characteristics for a New Era.It also reflects the logic of the times pertaining to the general trends of world development in the 21st century.