水平负向加速度对不同座椅靠背角假人模型颈部损伤的差异

Differences in Neck Injuries of Dummy Models at Different Backrest Angles under Horizontal Negative Acceleration

目的 基于假人模型,研究水平负向加速度(-G_(x))作用下不同靠背角与颈部损伤的关系。方法 将假人模型面朝轨道方向,固定在加速度平台底座上,设置靠背角为17°、22°、30°3个实验组,每个实验组按照相同的加速度曲线分别进行10次重复试验,比较相同-G_(x)条件下颈椎上、下部加速度差异,通过曲线拟合计算并比较颈部损伤指数(neck injury criteria,NIC)。结果 颈椎上、下部在前后向、垂直向的加速度变化曲线形态一致,存在峰值差异;在前后向(X轴),靠背角22°实验组的加速度峰值稍高于17°、30°靠背角实验组的加速度峰值;在垂直向(Z轴),靠背角22°实验组的加速度峰值低于17°、30°靠背角实验组的加速度峰值;在前后向及垂直向,靠背角22°实验组测得的NIC_(max)较小,靠背角30°实验组测得的NIC_(max)次之,靠背角17°实验组测得的NIC_(max)较大。结论 靠背角度与颈部损伤之间呈非线性关系。本实验中在-G_(x)作用下,靠背角为22°时假人模型的颈部损伤较小。

Objective Based on the dummy model,to study the relationship between different backrest angles and neck injuries under the effect of horizontal negative acceleration(-G_x).Methods The dummy model was fixed on the base of the acceleration platform facing the orbital direction,and the backrest angle was set at 17°,22°,30°,respectively.Each experimental group performed 10 repeated tests according to the same acceleration curve,differences between the upper and lower acceleration of the cervical spine under the same-G_x conditions were compared,and the neck injury criteria(NIC) was calculated and compared through curve fitting.Results The time-acceleration curves of the upper and lower cervical spine in the anteroposterior and vertical directions had the same shape with peak differences.In the anteroposterior direction(X-axis),the acceleration peak of the 22° backrest angle experimental group was slightly higher than that of 17° and 30° backrest angle experimental groups,but in the vertical direction(Z-axis),the acceleration peak of the 22° backrest experimental group was lower than that of 17° and 30° backrest angle experimental groups.In the anteroposterior and vertical directions,the NIC_(max) measured by 22° backrest angle experimental group was relatively smaller,NIC_(max) measured by 30° backrest angle experimental group was in the middle,and NIC_(max) measured by 30° backrest angle experimental group was relatively larger.Conclusions There was a nonlinear relationship between the backrest angle and the neck injury.The neck injury of the dummy model with the backrest angle of 22° was smallest under the effect of-G_x in this experiment.