武汉城市湿地景观格局及生态系统服务功能演变轨迹与驱动机制

DRIVING MECHANISM OF WETLAND LANDSCAPE PATTERN AND ECOSYSTEM SERVICES IN WUHAN

在城市化背景下,研究了湿地景观格局和生态功能的演变规律及影响因素,对湿地保护和国土空间规划具有重要指导意义。以武汉市为研究对象,分析了1980—2010年武汉市湿地土地利用时空变化轨迹及驱动过程轨迹,并通过InVEST模型等方法评估了1980—2020年武汉市生境质量、碳储量、洪水调蓄、景观文化4项生态系统服务功能及其驱动机制。结果表明:养殖、退耕还湿、演替、围垦和城市扩张等单一人为驱动过程主导了湿地景观格局演变,4项生态系统服务均有不同程度降低,退耕还湿、退养还湿等生态工程能够有效提升区域生态功能,但存在管理维护不足的问题。该研究成果有助于明确在快速城市化下湿地生态系统所受到的威胁,以便更好地提出长期湿地保护的对策及规划。

This research aims at the demand for wetland ecology protection and restoration in Wuhan under the background of fast development of urbanization to reveal the spatio-temporal evolution law and key driving mechanism of wetlands.In this study,we first analyzed the spatiotemporal dynamics and driving processes trajectories of change of wetland landscape pattern in Wuhan from 1980 to 2020,and used the InVEST model to simulate the spatiotemporal changes in those key ecosystem services of the wetlands.The results showed that the ecosystem services of habitat quality,carbon storage,flood regulation,and landscape culture of Wuhan decreased by 17.75%,2.28%,0.49%,and 4.10%by 2020.Single human driving process trajectories of fishery breeding and reclamation led to damage to natural wetlands,while rehabilitation measures of returning farmland to wetlands contributed to the improvement of ecosystem services.Reclamation was the main driving process that decreased flood regulation and habitat quality services,and the core driving process that decreased carbon storage functions and landscape cultural functions was fishery breeding.The research identified the threats to wetland ecosystems to propose long-term wetland protection countermeasures and planning.