浮式跨海大桥流固耦合作用的模拟方法综述

An Overall Review on Simulation Methods of Fluid-structure Coupling of Floating Sea-crossing Bridges

浮式跨海大桥是实现横跨宽广深邃峡湾或海峡的理想结构。回顾了浮式跨海大桥结构的演进和流固耦合作用模拟技术的发展,总结了两种不同的浮式跨海大桥结构数学模型的构建方法(将浮桥视为超大型浮式结构或多浮体系统);给出了浮桥结构的数学模型和数值方法,指出流固耦合作用对结构荷载、结构阻尼等的影响是不可忽略的;总结了求解运动方程的频域方法和时域方法,指出时域方法在解决非线性问题时更具优势;比较了两种常用于浮桥结构中系泊系统的数值模型(准静态模型和动态模型)的优劣。在此基础上,阐明了现有浮桥模拟技术的不足,提出需要为离散型浮筒支承的浮式跨海大桥建立黏性流体、多结构体、阻尼系统和锚泊系统全耦合的数学模型。最后,对浮式跨海大桥流固耦合作用模拟方法进行了展望。

A floating sea-crossing bridge is an ideal structure to realize crossing wide and deep fjords or straits.In this paper the evolution of floating bridge structures and the development of fluid-structure coupling simulation technology are reviewed,and two different methods for constructing the mathematical model of floating bridge are concluded:the floating bridge is regarded as a very large floating structure and a multi-body floating system.The mathematical model and numerical method of the floating bridge structure are given and it is pointed out that the influence of fluid-structure coupling on structural load and structural damping can not be ignored.The frequency domain method and time domain method for solving motion equations are summarized,and it is pointed out that the time domain method has more advantages in solving nonlinear problems.The advantages and disadvantages of two numerical models(quasi-static model and dynamic model)commonly used in mooring system of floating bridge are compared.The limitations of the existing floating bridge simulation theory are explained.It is proposed that a mathematical model of full coupling of viscous fluid,multi-structure,damping system and mooring system needs to be established for floating sea-crossing bridges supported by discrete buoys.Finally,the numerical simulation technology of floating bridge is prospected.