海藻多糖的提取、生物活性及其应用研究进展

Research Progress on Extraction, Biological Activity and Application of Polysaccharide from Seaweed

海洋藻类富含多糖、多酚、脂肪酸、氨基酸、甾醇等生物活性化合物,利用藻类及其功效成分开发新型功能性食品和海洋药物已成为天然产物化学领域研究的热点。随着分离提取和构效关系分析技术的发展,结合动物模型在体内研究,海藻多糖作为藻类活性成分的重要组分,已被证实具有免疫调节、降血糖、抗氧化、降血脂等多种生物活性。多糖的功效与藻类植物的种类、海洋生态环境、提取方法和分子修饰等有很大关系。文章以海洋藻类及其多糖为研究对象,对国内外有关海藻的最新研究报道进行了系统综合与论述,从多糖的提取工艺、构效关系、生物活性以及在生物医药、农业生产、水环境治理、食品、药妆品领域的应用进行了综述,并提出了未来研究方向,为推动海洋藻类生物活性产物的高值化、生态化开发利用提供理论参考。

Marine algae are rich in polysaccharides,polyphenols,fatty acids,amino acids,sterols and other bioactive compounds.The development of new functional foods and marine drugs using algae and its functional components has become a hot research topic in the field of natural product chemistry.With the development of isolation and extraction and structure-activity relationship analysis techniques,combined with animal model in vivo studies,seaweed polysaccharides,as an important component of algae active components,have been proved to have a variety of biological activities such as immune regulation,hypoglycemic,anti-oxidation and hypolipidemic.The effects of polysaccharides are closely related to the species of algae,marine ecological environment,extraction method and molecular modification.Taking marine algae and its polysaccharide as the research object,this paper systematically synthesizes and discusses the latest research reports on algae at home and abroad.The extraction process,structure-activity relationship,biological activity and application of polysaccharides in biomedicine,agricultural production,water environment treatment,food and cosmeceuticals were reviewed,and the future research direction was proposed.It provides theoretical reference for promoting the high-value and ecological development and utilization of marine algae bioactive products.