基于区块链技术下两条竞争供应链的策略选择

Strategy Selection of Two Competing Supply Chains Based on Blockchain Technology

文章研究基于区块链技术的两条竞争供应链策略选择问题.考虑两条相互竞争的供应链,每一条供应链由一个制造商和一个零售商组成,研究两条供应链引入区块链技术的条件以及采用区块链技术供应链企业如何制定运营策略.建立三种模型:两条供应链均不采用区块链技术,两条供应链均采用区块链技术,一条供应链不采用区块链技术,另外一条供应链采用区块链技术.采用博弈方法,每条供应链内制造商和零售商之间进行Stackelberg博弈,链间两个零售商竞争订货量进行Cournot博弈,链间两个制造商竞争批发价进行Bertrand博弈,得到每一种模型的最优零售价、批发价和供应链收益,进一步对比分析三种模型最优策略之间的关系;其次,将两条供应链是否采取区块链的策略选择问题看成是双矩阵博弈,求解双矩阵博弈的纳什均衡,得到两条供应链选择区块链技术的条件;最后,进一步通过数值实例分析,区块链运营成本和供应链竞争系数对供应链策略选择和收益的影响.结论表明:两条竞争供应链均衡策略的选取受区块链成本的影响,当区块链运营成本比较低时,均衡策略是两条供应链均采取区块链技术;当区块链运营成本比较高时,均衡策略是一条供应链采用区块链技术另一条供应链不采取区块链技术.

This paper studies the strategies selection of two competitive supply chain based on blockchain technology.Consider two competing supply chains,each of consisting a manufacturer and a retailer.This paper studies how supply chain enterprises develop operational strategies under the conditions of adopting blockchain technology in two supply chains.Firstly,three models are built:Neither of the two supply chains adopts blockchain technology,both supply chains adopt blockchain technology as well as one supply chain does not use blockchain technology,and the other supply chain does.Stackelberg game is played between the manufacturer and retailer in each supply chain,the Cournot game is played between two retailers competing for order quantity,and the Bertrand game is played between two manufacturers competing for wholesale price.The optimal retail price,wholesale price and supply chain revenue of each model are obtained.The optimal strategies of the three models are compared and analyzed.Secondly,the strategy selection of two supply chains is regarded as a bimatrix game,and the Nash Equilibrium of the bimatrix game is solved to obtain the conditions for the two supply chains to choose the blockchain technology.Finally,the influence of blockchain operation cost and supply chain competition coefficient on supply chain strategy selection and benefits is further analyzed by a numerical example.The results show that the two competing supply chain equilibrium strategies are affected by the cost of blockchain.When the operating cost of blockchain is relatively low,the equilibrium strategy is to adopt blockchain technology for two supply chains.When the operation cost of blockchain is relatively high,equilibrium strategies are that one supply chain adopts blockchain technology and the other supply chain does not.