基本动作模式训练对11~12岁儿童足球多方向移动能力影响的实验研究

Experimental Study on the Influence of Basic Movement Pattern Training on Football Multi-Directional Movement Ability of 11-to-12-Year-Old Children

目的:针对我国校园足球活动中基本动作模式、基本动作技能训练缺失的问题,探索基本动作模式训练对11~12岁儿童足球多方向移动能力的影响。方法:以实验法为主,辅以文献资料调研、问卷调查、数理统计等方法。结果:实验前、后测对比发现,对照组仅AFL有球测试成绩呈中等效应量改善(d=0.72);实验组AFL有球测试和Pro跑成绩变化呈中等效应(0.50<d≤0.80),另外4项测试均为大效应;实验后组间比较发现,2组内布拉斯加跑成绩差异呈大效应(d>0.80),AFL有球测试和Pro跑呈小效应(0.20(d≤0.50),另外3项测试为中等效应(0.50<d≤0.80)。结论:1)短期的有球技能练习可以提高11~12岁儿童折线运控球多方向移动效果,但对于无球多方向移动速度提升不足。2)基本动作模式练习对于该年龄段儿童多方向移动速度提升效果显著。3)基本动作模式训练效果整体优于有球技能训练,能够有效提高多方向移动速度,需要单独进行此类练习,且有必要补充碎步跑与躯干旋转等基本动作模式练习。

Objective:Aiming at the lack of basic movement patterns and basic movement skills training in school football activities in China,this paper explores the effect of basic movement pattern training on the football multi-directional movement ability of 11-to-12-year-old children.Methods:Experimental method is the main method,supplemented by literature research,questionnaire survey,mathematical statistics and so on.Results:Before and after test,the control group only had a moderate effect size in the AFL with-ball test(d=0.72);the experimental group had a moderate effect size(0.50<d≤0.80)in the AFL with-ball test and Pro running test,while all others had a large effect size.Posttest comparisons between groups reveal a large effect size(d>0.80)for the Nebraska running,a small effect size(0.20<d≤0.50)for the AFL with-ball test and Pro running,and a moderate effect size(0.50<d≤0.80)for the others.Conclusions:1)Short-term ball skills training can improve the effect of multi-directional movement on 11-to-12-year-old children’s broken-line dribbling and ball control,but the effect of the speed of multi-directional movement without the ball is insufficient.2)Basic movement pattern training can significantly improves the multi-directional movement ability of this age group.3)The training effect of the basic movement pattern is better than that of ball skills training as a whole,and can effectively improve the speed of multi-directional movement.It is necessary to carry out this kind of training independently and to supplement the basic movement pattern training such as trot and torso rotation.