美国净零能耗建筑推广路径及对中国的启示

Promotion Path of Net Zero Energy Consumption Buildings in the United States and Its Enlightenment to China

美国通过依靠技术支持和市场化推广,成为了全球率先发展净零能耗(零碳)建筑的国家之一,为实现“碳达峰·碳中和”目标奠定了基础。现阶段美国在政策机制、市场激励、建筑标准规范3个关键领域推出了一系列激励机制以推动建筑向净零能耗、零碳方向发展,设计了具有创新性的节能解决方案和符合美国国情的实现路径,这对我国建筑领域实现碳达峰碳中和有一定的启示。发展净零能耗(零碳)建筑是建筑领域实现碳达峰碳中和的重要手段,结合美国实践,我国应立足于自身国情,有机结合政府调控与市场机制推广净零能耗(零碳)建筑;同时,制定完善标准认证体系并充分挖掘各方面节能潜力可以提高建筑能效进而达成零能耗(零碳)目标。

The United States has become one of the first countries in the world to develop net⁃zero energy(zero⁃carbon)buildings through technical support and market promotion,laying the foundation for achieving the goal of“peak carbon neutrality”.At this stage,the United States has introduced a series of incentives in three key areas,including policy mechanisms,market incentives and building standards,to promote the development of net⁃zero energy and zero⁃carbon buildings,and designed innovative energy⁃saving solutions and realization paths in line with the U.S.national conditions,which have certain inspiration for China’s building sector to achieve carbon neutrality.The development of net⁃zero energy(zero carbon)buildings is an important means to achieve carbon neutrality in the building sector.Based on U.S.practice,China should promote net⁃zero energy(zero carbon)buildings based on its own national conditions,organically combining government regulation and market mechanisms;meanwhile,it should develop a perfect standard certification system,fully exploit the energy⁃saving potential in all aspects,and improve building energy efficiency,so as to achieve the goal of net⁃zero energy(zero carbon).