耕作方式对旱地小麦生长发育生理代谢及产量的影响

Effects of Tillage Methods on Growth,Physiological Metabolism and Yield of DrylandWheat

以山东省农业科学院作物研究所培育的济麦262为研究对象,研究保护性耕作处理和旋耕秸秆还田处理2种不同的耕作方式对不同生长时期旱作小麦麦田土壤水分含量、叶面积指数、净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率、水分利用率和产量的影响。结果表明:保护性耕作处理提高旱地小麦田地土壤水分含量,从而增加营养物质的积累量,最终增加了叶面积。叶面积增加使植株净光合速率、气孔导度和蒸腾速率均显著增加(P<0.05),有利于旱地小麦的生长发育和生理代谢。保护性耕作处理下旱地小麦的穗粒数、穗数和产量均显著增加(P<0.05)。本研究可为旱地小麦合理选择耕作方式提供理论和实践指导。

This paper studied the effects of conservation tillage and straw returning tillage on soil moisture content,leaf area index,net photosynthetic rate,stomatal conductance,transpiration rate,water use efficiency and yield of dry-crocheted wheat field by using Jimai 262 cultivated by Crop Research Institute of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences.The results showed that conservation tillage treatment increased soil moisture content in dryland wheat fields,thereby increasing the accumulation of nutrients and ultimately increasing the leaf area.The increase of leaf area significantly increased the net photosynthetic rate,stomatal conductance and transpiration rate(P<0.05),which was beneficial to the growth and physiological metabolism of dryland wheat.Under conservation tillage treatment,grain number per ear,ear number and yield of dryland wheat were significantly increased(P<0.05).This study can provide theoretical and practical guidance for rational tillage choice of dryland wheat.