杭州市不同材质儿童防护垫中甲酰胺含量的调查

Investigation of formamide content in different protective pad products for children in Hangzhou City

目的 了解杭州市不同材质儿童防护垫产品中甲酰胺的含量状况。方法 采集3类采样环节样品102份,其中商超样品21份,母婴店样品31份,网店样品50份,采用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)法测定。处理后的样品加入乙酰胺内标溶液后,经甲醇超声萃取30 min,提取液经Carbon-NH2小柱净化,洗脱液浓缩后经质谱检测器选择离子扫描模式检测,内标法定量。结果 102个不同材质儿童防护垫样品中甲酰胺检出率为90.2%,超标率为50.0%,防护垫样品中甲酰胺含量在0 mg/kg~1 854 mg/kg,平均含量为393 mg/kg,其中丁腈橡胶、乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯材质中甲酰胺含量较高,化学交联聚乙烯材质中甲酰胺含量低于限值、物理发泡聚乙烯材质中则未检出甲酰胺。通过建立甲酰胺经呼吸暴露的暴露评估模型,计算得到不同材质防护垫中的甲酰胺经呼吸每日暴露量在9.94×10^(-2)mg/(kg·d)~6.62×10^(-1)mg/(kg·d)。结论 通过测定,初步得到了杭州市不同材质儿童防护垫中甲酰胺的污染特征,结果显示儿童使用丁腈橡胶、乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯材质防护垫时摄入甲酰胺的健康风险需引起重视。家长在购买儿童防护垫产品时应优先选择物理发泡聚乙烯材质的儿童防护垫产品。

Objective This paper aims to survey the content of formamide in different protective pad products for children sold in Hangzhou City. Methods A total of 102 samples were collected from 3 different kinds of sampling links, 21 of them were from supermarket, 31 of them were from maternal stores and 50 of them were from online stores. All the samples were conducted for detection with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS) method. The treated samples were added to acetamide internal standard solution and extracted by methanol for 30 min. The extracted solution was purified by Carbon-NH2column. After concentration, the eluent was detected by ion scanning mode selected by mass spectrometer and quantified by internal standard method. Results The detection rate of formamide in the 102 different samples was 90.2% with the exceeding rate of 50.0%. Formamide content in protective pad samples ranged from 0 mg/kg to 1 854 mg/kg, with an average content of 393 mg/kg. Among them, the content of formamide in nitrile rubber and vinyl acetate material is higher, the content of formamide in chemical crosslinked polyethylene material is lower than the limit, and the content of formamide in physical foaming polyethylene material is not detected. By establishing the respiratory exposure assessment model of formamide, the daily respiratory exposure of formamide in different protective pads was 9.94×10^(-2)mg/(kg·d)-6.62×10^(-1)mg/(kg·d). Conclusion The pollution characteristics of formamide in children’s protective pad products in Hangzhou City was preliminarily acquired by the determination of samples. The results show that the risks of formamide intake from children’s protective pad products made of nitrile butadiene rubber and ethylene vinyl acetate should be concerned. Children’s protective pad products made of expandable polyethylene should be preferred when parents purchasing them for children.