荷兰情报和安全机构大规模监控监督制约机制研究

Research on the Supervision and Restriction Mechanism of Mass Surveillance of Intelligence and Security Services in Netherlands

[研究目的]2017年荷兰修改后的《情报和安全机构法》架构起了系统的大规模监控监督制约机制,对其基本架构及运行状况进行研究对于我国相关制度的构建有重要参考价值。[研究方法]通过规范分析和实证分析方法可知,《情报和安全机构法》确立了部长事前授权、调查权力委员会或海牙法院法官事前审查、情报和安全机构审查委员会事中监督和事后救济以及议会监督的大规模监控监督制约机制;而且调查权力委员会和情报和安全机构审查委员会在实践中发挥着重要的控权作用。[研究结论]观察2013年以来《情报和安全机构法》的修法、实践和评估过程,不难发现,荷兰形成了良性的大规模监控监督制约型塑机制,但在调查权力委员会或海牙法院法官事前审查、情报和安全机构审查委员会事中监督和事后救济等方面仍存在问题,如何进一步改革完善是荷兰仍需面对的问题。

[Research purpose] The revised Intelligence and Security Services Act of Netherlands in 2017 has established a systematic mass surveillance supervision and restriction mechanism.Research on its basic structure and operation status is of great reference value for the construction of the relevant system in China.[Research method] Through normative analysis and empirical analysis,the Intelligence and Security Services Act establishes a mass surveillance supervision and restriction mechanism for prior authorization by the Minister,prior review by the Review Board for the Use of Powers or judges of the Hague Court,in-process supervision and post-event relief by the Review Committee for the Intelligence and Security Services,and parliamentary supervision.The Review Board for the Use of Powers and the Review Committee for the Intelligence and Security Services,play an important control role in practice.[Research conclusion] Observing the legislation,practice and evaluation process of the Intelligence and Security Services Act since 2013,it is not difficult to find that the Netherlands has formed a benign mass surveillance supervision and restriction mechanism.However,there are still problems in the prior review by the Review Board for the Use of Powers or judges of the Hague Court,in-process supervision and post-event relief by the Review Committee for the Intelligence and Security Services.How to further reform and improve is a problem that the Netherlands still needs to face.