肌肉和骨骼结构适应性重塑的机械化学耦合作用

Mechanochemical coupling of adaptive remodeling of muscle and bone structure

运动锻炼和重力等机械加载使肌肉和骨骼结构适应性重塑,始终保持动态稳定的状态。但是,在缺乏机械刺激和重力卸载状态下,力学相应细胞和损伤组织会适应性改变重塑机制,甚至慢性炎症引发肌肉和骨髓组织内脂肪浸润,容易导致骨质疏松症、肌肉减少症等退行性疾病;在适应性重塑过程中,机械刺激可通过流体施加的变形应力(拉伸和压缩)或剪切应变来传递,使力学相应细胞中的粘附分子感知机械应变并将其转化为生化反应,通过与其生态位的机械化学耦合作用,从而调节细胞生物学的基本机制,如谱系定型、组织形成和成熟等,最终使细胞外基质成分、粘附分子和细胞骨架的结构变化,从而影响抗断裂性和肌肉力量;最新研究表明,衰老现象与机械刺激和病理改变所致的表观遗传学调控密切相关。基于此,本文综述力学相应细胞的机械化学生态位条件,阐明肌肉和骨骼结构的重塑机制,为疾病和衰老过程的预防和治疗提供新的靶点。

Mechanical loads such as exercise and gravity make the muscle and bone structure adaptively remodel,always maintaining a dynamic and stable state.However,in the absence of mechanical stimulation and gravity unloading,mechanically corresponding cells and damaged tissues will adaptively change the remodeling mechanism,and even chronic inflammation will trigger fat infiltration in muscle and bone marrow tissue,which may easily lead to osteoporosis,sarcopenia and other degeneration.Sexual diseases;during adaptive remodeling,mechanical stimuli can be delivered through fluid-applied deformation stress(tensile and compressive)or shear strain,allowing adhesion molecules in mechanically responsive cells to sense mechanical strain and translate it into Biochemical reactions,through mechanochemical coupling with their niches,regulate fundamental mechanisms of cell biology,such as lineage commitment,tissue formation and maturation,and ultimately result in structural changes in extracellular matrix components,adhesion molecules,and cytoskeletons,Results ing in Affects fracture resistance and muscle strength;recent research shows that the phenomenon of aging is closely related to epigenetic regulation caused by mechanical stimulation and pathological changes.Based on this,this paper reviews the mechanochemical niche conditions of mechano-responsive cells,elucidates the remodeling mechanisms of muscle and skeletal structures,and provides new targets for the prevention and treatment of diseases and aging processes.