miRNA参与骨代谢调节的作用机制研究进展

Research progress on the mechanism of miRNA involved in bone metabolism regulation

微小RNA(microRNA,miRNA)是一组小的非编码RNA,仅含18~22个核苷酸,以对基因表达的负调控作用参与调节一系列发育和生理过程。已有研究表明,miRNA作为一种重要的内源性转录后调节因子,对骨代谢发挥至关重要的调节作用。miRNA通过多种方式调控骨髓间充质干细胞、成骨细胞和破骨细胞等的增殖、分化与功能,为骨发育及维持骨稳态发挥了不可替代的作用。miRNA作为战略靶点或生物标志物在骨质疏松症的诊断和治疗中具有潜在的重要价值。本文综述了近年来发现的在骨代谢中发挥重要作用的miRNA及其作用靶点,以及对成骨/破骨相关信号通路的影响,为骨代谢调节及骨质疏松症的临床治疗提供了新的思路与方向。本文还介绍了miRNA可作为骨质疏松症诊断标志物所面临的问题。

MicroRNA(miRNA)is a group of small non-coding RNA with about 18-22 nucleotides,which negatively regulates gene expression and participate in the regulation of a series of developmental and physiological processes.Previous studies have shown that miRNA,as an important endogenous post-transcriptional regulator,plays a crucial role in regulating bone metabolism.Bone metabolism regulate the proliferation,differentiation and function ranging from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells,osteoblasts to osteoclasts with various ways,which plays an irreplaceable role in maintaining bone homeostasis in tissues and developing of the bone.miRNA plays an important role in regulation of bone metabolism and can be used as a strategic target or biomarker,which has a potential application in the diagnosis and treatment of osteoporosis.In this paper,we review the recent discoveries of miRNA that play important roles in bone metabolism and their effects on the signaling pathways related to bone formation and bone resorption.These findings provide new direction for the clinical treatment of osteoporosis by regulation of bone metabolism.In addition,the remaining problems for the possibility of miRNA as diagnosis biomarkers of osteoporosis are discussed.