残奥项目肢体残疾运动员距离视知觉及其影响因素研究

Visual perception and its related factors of distance for Paralympic athletes with physical disabilities

目的观察姿势和运动项目经验对下肢残疾残奥运动员距离视知觉的影响。方法2019年5月至8月,选取上海市轮椅竞速队运动员19例和轮椅击剑队运动员16例,完成连续等分距离和盲走任务,测试其相对距离知觉与绝对距离知觉。结果运动项目与姿势的交互作用效应显著(F=4.118,P<0.05);运动项目与距离判断的交互作用效应非常显著(F=8.913,P<0.01);姿势与距离判断的交互作用效应非常显著(F=11.894,P<0.01);运动项目主效应非常显著(F=7.467,P<0.01);姿势主效应非常显著(F=11.918,P<0.01);轮椅击剑显著优于轮椅竞速(P<0.01),站姿优于坐姿(P<0.01)。结论平时采用站姿的运动员、轮椅击剑运动员的相对距离判断准确性较优。在绝对距离判断准确性上,不同姿势和运动项目没有显著性差异。

Objective To investigate the impact of posture and sports experience on distance perception in Paralympic athletes with lower limbs disabilities.Methods From May to August,2019,athletes were selected from the wheelchair racing team(n=19)and the wheelchair fencing team(n=16)in Shanghai,China.The athletes were tested the relative distance perception and absolute distance perception using the successive equal-appearing distance and blind walking tasks.Results The interaction effects between sport and posture(F=4.118,P<0.05),sports events and distance judgment(F=8.913,P<0.01),and posture and distance judgment(F=11.894,P<0.01)were significant;while the main effects of sport(F=7.467,P<0.01)and posture(F=11.918,P<0.01)were significant;the relative distance judgment accuracy was better in the athletes of wheelchair fencing than in those of wheelchair racing,and in standing posture than those in sitting posture.Conclusion The relative distance judgment accuracy is better for the Paralympic athletes standing and playing wheelchair fencers.There was no significant difference in the accuracy of absolute distance judgment between the different postures and the different sports.