基于碳量子点的分子印迹荧光检测体系研究进展

Research Progress of Molecularly Imprinted Fluorescence Detection System with Carbon Quantum Dots

复杂基质中痕量分析物的高选择性和高灵敏度检测对环境保护和食品安全等问题具有重要意义。近年来,色谱法等传统检测方法可达到高灵敏度检测的需求,但在选择性、样品预处理过程、维护费用等方面不同程度地存在欠缺,因此迫切需要寻求一种兼具高灵敏度和高选择性,且成本低廉、简便快速的检测手段。将碳量子点(carbon quantum dots,CQDs)的荧光检测与分子印迹材料(molecularly imprinted polymers,MIPs)的分子识别耦合起来,构建高效的碳量子点分子印迹(CQDs-MIPs)荧光检测体系,合成路线简单、成本低廉,对目标物质的检测具有高灵敏度、高选择性和强的抗干扰能力,将会在复杂基质中极低浓度物质的检测方面发挥重要作用。MIPs具有与目标分子高度匹配的识别位点,可实现对目标分子的选择性识别和富集;CQDs作为一种新型的碳基纳米荧光材料,具有优异的光学特性、良好的水溶性和生物相容性,且绿色环保、无毒无害,对目标分子的高灵敏荧光响应使它在荧光检测领域具备不可替代的优势。综述了CQDs-MIPs检测体系的构建策略和工作机理,以及近年来在环境、食品和临床领域的应用进展,同时对其未来的发展方向进行了合理的预测。

The highly selective and sensitive detection of trace analytes in complicated matrix is of great significance to environmental protection and food safety.So far,traditional detection methods such as chromatography can realize high sensitivity detection.However,the detection processes suffer from some defects to some extent in selectivity,sample pretreatment process,and maintenance cost.Therefore,it is urgent to establish a simple and rapid detection method with high selectivity and high sensitivity.By coupling carbon quantum dots(CQDs)for fluorescence detection with molecularly imprinted polymers(MIPs)for molecular recognition,an efficient CQDs-based molecularly imprinted(CQDs-MIPs)fluorescence detection system is constructed.The system has facile synthesis route,low cost,high sensitivity,high selectivity,and strong anti-interference ability,and thus plays an important role in the detection of extremely low concentration analytes in complex matrix.MIPs can selectively recognize and enrich the target molecules owing to the recognition sites highly matching the target molecules.As one class of the new carbon-based fluorescent nanomaterials,CQDs are environment-friendly,non-toxic,harmless,and have excellent optical properties,good water solubility and biocompatibility,exhibiting irreplaceable advantages in the field of molecular detection based on their fluorescence response.This review mainly focuses on the construction strategies and sensing mechanism of CQDs-MIPs detection systems,and their application progresses in environmental,food and clinical fields in recent years.In addition,the future development of CQDs-MIPs is forecasted.