HER单原子电催化剂的载体构建与性能研究进展

Research Progress in Carrier Construction and Performance of HER Single Atom Electrocatalyst

单原子催化剂(single atom catalysts,SACs)由于其高催化活性、良好稳定性等优点,在电化学领域得到广泛研究。单原子催化剂不仅提供了研究催化反应机理的新见解与思路,还在均相与非均相催化反应连接方面起到了重要的作用。为了减少单原子催化剂在合成过程中出现聚集、原子利用率低等问题,总结和归纳了单原子催化剂的载体并介绍了单原子催化剂的合成方法;介绍了电催化析氢反应(hydrogen evolution reaction,HER)的机理;对于电催化析氢反应,重点介绍了Pt、Pd、Ru、Co、Mo、Ni金属单原子,单原子合金和非金属单原子在内的单原子催化剂的催化活性,并分析了其电催化性能提高的原因。结果表明,单原子催化剂的制备已经实现了从贵金属单原子催化剂向非贵金属单原子催化剂的演变。最后,还对单原子催化剂研究存在的问题进行了分析,并对单原子催化剂的发展前景做了展望。

Single atom catalysts(SACs)have been widely studied in the field of electrochemistry due to their high catalytic activity and excellent stability.SACs not only provide new ideas for the study of catalytic reaction mechanisms,but also provide a bridge between homogeneous catalysis and heterogeneous catalysis.In this review,in order to reduce the aggregation and low atom utilization of SACs during the synthesis process,the carrier of SACs was summarized,besides,the synthesis methods of SACs and the mechanism of the electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)were introduced.For the electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction,the catalytic activity of SACs,including Pt,Pd,Ru,Co,Mo,Ni,single atom alloys and nonmetallic single atom were emphatically introduced,and the reasons for the improvement of their electrocatalyst performance were analyzed.The results show that the preparation of SACs has realized the evolution from noble metal SACs to non-noble metal SACs.Finally,the existing problems of SACs research were analyzed,and the development prospect of SACs was discussed.