国际法视角下我国档案主权维护的路径思考

从国际法视角来看,档案尤其是涉及国际内容的档案具有越发明显的主权属性,档案主权是国家主权的重要表现形式。尊重一国档案的完整和安全就是对国家主权尊重的表现。因此我们要始终重视和维护我国的档案主权,找寻维护我国档案主权的路径和方式。本文从国际法视角出发,以主权理论为切入点谈论档案涉及主权理论,着重探讨档案所具有的主权属性,明确档案主权的深层内涵,进而揭示出档案主权对国家的重要意义。在明确档案主权重要性之后,从各种国际条约中总结归纳出维护档案主权的三条基本原则,即领土和历史原则、返还原物原则和行政管理原则,同时指出当下损害我国档案主权还存在大量历史档案依旧流失在海外、国家间对跨国企业档案的管辖可能存在分歧、珍贵电子档案存在被境外窃取的风险等问题。为维护档案主权的路径探索找寻法律依据和现实依据。我国也应通过继承和保护国家档案、运用双重尊重原则进行跨国企业档案管辖、追索离散档案、构建协同高效的合作交流机制等途径维护我国的档案主权。

From the perspective of the international law,archives,especially those involving international content,have increasingly obvious sovereignty attributes.Archives sovereignty is an important form of national sovereignty.Respect for the integrity and security of a country's archives is a manifestation of respect for national sovereignty.Therefore,we should always attach importance to and maintain China's archival sovereignty,and find ways and means to maintain China's archival sovereignty.From the perspective of the international law,this paper discusses the theory of archives involving sovereignty from the perspective of sovereignty theory,focuses on the sovereignty attribute of archives,clarifies the deep connotation of archives sovereignty,and then reveals the significance of archives sovereignty to the country.After clarifying the importance of archives sovereignty,three basic principles for safeguarding archives sovereignty are summarized from various international treaties,namely,the principle of territory and history,the principle of returning the original and the principle of administrative management.At the same time,it is pointed out that there are still a large number of historical archives that are still lost overseas and that there may be differences between countries in the jurisdiction of multinational enterprise archives.There are problems such as the risk of overseas theft of precious electronic archives.To find the legal and practical basis for the path of safeguarding the sovereignty of archives,China should also safeguard its archival sovereignty by inheriting and protecting national archives,applying the principle of dual respect to the jurisdiction of multinational enterprises'archives,pursuing discrete archives,and building a cooperative and efficient exchange mechanism.