中美法院裁判文书数字化信息公开比较研究

在我国司法改革过程中,作为确保司法公平正义的重要实现途径,法院裁判文书数字化信息公开是推进司法公开进程的必要手段,在司法实践领域极具价值。美国法院裁判文书数字化信息公开的历史演进、存在的问题、改进措施,以及美国法院裁判文书数字化信息公开领域的各类开放存取信息系统,即PACER系统及其CM/ECF子系统、COURTWEB系统、FDS系统的实践特征与运行缺陷,对我国最高人民法院创建的“中国裁判文书网”的运行实践具有重要的启示意义。“中国裁判文书网”改进之处有四:一是“案由”检索项的设置应涵括“刑事附带民事诉讼案件”与“行政附带民事诉讼案件”;二是“被害人”应设置为独立的检索项;三是“案号”检索项难以使用,可予取消;四是裁判文书的说理性有待加强。

In the process of judicial reform,as an important approach to ensure judicial fairness and justice,the digital information disclosure of judicial documents is one of the essential means to advance the process of judicial openness and has great value in the field of judicial practice.The historical evolution,existing problems and improvement measures of digitized information disclosure of U.S.court judgment documents,as well as the practical characteristics and operating defects of various open access information systems in the field of digitized information disclosure of American court judgment documents,namely PACER system,its CM/ECF subsystem,COURTWEB system and FDS system have important enlightenment significance to the operation practice of the“China Judicial Documents Network”created by the Supreme People's Court.There are four improvements in“China Judicial Documents Network”.First,the search item of“cause of action”should include“criminal incidental civil action”and“administrative incidental civil action”.Second,“victim”should be set as an independent retrieval item;Third,the“case number”search item is difficult to use and can be cancelled;Fourth,the argumentation of judgment documents needs to be strengthened.