复合权利视域下环境权的新认识——兼论环境权的法典化表达

New Understanding of Environmental Rights in the Context of Compound Rights:On Codification Expression of Environmental Rights

环境法法典化是新时代环境立法的新目标,环境权作为环境法领域的权利基石,应借助法典编纂的契机融入环境法典。环境利益本身的泛化性致使环境权内涵与外延在理论层面上兼容并包,这也决定了环境权应受公法、私法两种法律体系调整,其权利内容兼具公私双重属性。基于对以往“公权-私权”学说的审视与反思,文章重点针对环境权的主体、客体及内容等三大法律要件展开环境权双重属性的法律分析,明确其法律功能定位,在此基础上就环境权的入典路径进行探讨,提出在遵循法典编纂“总则-分编”的体例之下,采用“一体多面”的入典方式,秉持法典内容中的公、私法协同保护的理念,在法典总则确立环境权的法律地位,在分则编明确保障环境权的规范依据。

Codification of environmental law is the new goal of environmental legislation in the new era.As the cornerstone of rights in the field of environmental law,environmental rights should be integrated into the environmental code with the opportunity of code compilation.Due to the generalization orientation of environmental interests themselves,the connotation and extension of environmental rights are compatible at the theoretical level,which also determines that environmental rights should be adjusted by the two legal systems of public law and private law,and the content of its rights is both public and private.Based on the review and reflections on the previous theory of“public rights-private rights”,the legal analysis of the dual attributes of environmental rights is made in view of the three legal elements of environmental rights,namely the subject,object and content,and its legal functional positioning is clarified.On this basis,the codification path of environmental rights is discussed:in the compliance of the“general provisions-divisions”style of code compilation,adopting a“multifaceted”way of codification,upholding the concept of public-private law collaboration in the content of the code,establishing the legal status of the environmental rights in the general provisions of the code,and clarifying the normative basis for the protection of the environmental rights in the divisions.