基因漂移生态风险的法学解析与治理路径——以转基因作物为例

Legal Analysis and Governance Path of Ecological Risk of Genetic Drift:Taking Genetically Modified Crops as an Example

转基因作物的扩大种植正加剧着基因漂移产生的外部性生态风险;在该基础风险之上,制度设计缺失、监管力度不够、社会信任危机还将这一风险不断放大,而其根本症结在于基因漂移导致的污染产权界定不清。文章采用侵权理论,提出将基因漂移产生的污染产权分配给传统作物种植者,并提出从宏观立法建构、微观责任建构以及局部规则补充三个方面进行基因漂移侵权体系的整体搭建,以期能为基因漂移的外部性治理提供一些有效的私益救济路径。

The expansion of genetically modified crops is exacerbating the external ecological risk caused by genetic drift.Moreover,the lack of institutional design,insufficient supervision and social trust crisis will continue to magnify this risk.The fundamental crux is that the pollution property rights caused by genetic drift are not clearly defined.In this paper,the tort theory is used to assign the pollution property rights generated by genetic drift to traditional crop growers.And the comprehensive genetic drift tort system is established from the aspects of the macro-legislative construction,micro-responsibility construction and supplement of local rules,so as to provide an effective private benefit relief path for the externality governance of genetic drift.