湖州市疫苗接种相关的过敏性皮疹监测结果

Surveillance on allergic rash associated with vaccination in Huzhou City

目的分析2017—2021年浙江省湖州市疫苗接种相关的过敏性皮疹监测结果,为防制过敏性皮疹提供依据。方法通过中国疾病预防控制信息系统疑似预防接种异常反应(AEFI)监测管理模块收集2017—2021年湖州市疫苗接种相关的过敏性皮疹病例资料,描述性分析过敏性皮疹的流行特征、接种疫苗分布和临床表现。结果2017—2021年湖州市累计报告过敏性皮疹324例,年均报告发生率为6.12/10万剂,其中男性为6.40/10万剂,女性为5.82/10万剂;年龄以<1岁为主,报告发生率为8.32/10万剂。各季度中以第二季度报告例数最多,108例占33.33%。各县(区)中以德清县报告例数最多,92例占28.40%,报告发生率为11.52/10万剂。麻疹风疹联合减毒活疫苗报告发生率最高,为41.23/10万剂。临床诊断为过敏性皮疹203例,占62.65%;荨麻疹55例,占16.98%;麻疹猩红热样皮疹51例,占15.74%;斑丘疹15例,占4.63%。发热94例,占29.01%。78.70%的过敏性皮疹发生在接种后24 h内。结论2017—2021年湖州市疫苗接种相关的过敏性皮疹发生率较高,多发生于首剂疫苗接种后24 h内,以1岁以下儿童高发。

Objective To investigate the incidence of allergic rash associated with vaccination in Huzhou City from 2017 to 2021,so as to provide insights into the prevention and control of allergic rash.Methods Data pertaining to cases with vaccination-related allergic rash in Huzhou City from 2017 to 2021 were captured from the National Ad⁃verse Events Following Immunization Surveillance System of Chinese Disease Control and Prevention Information System,and epidemiological characteristics,vaccination and clinical features of allergic rash were analyzed.Results Totally 324 allergic rash cases were reported in Huzhou City from 2017 to 2021,with an annual reported incidence of 6.12/105 dos⁃es.The incidence of allergic rash was 6.40/105 doses among men and 5.82/105 doses among women,and allergic rash predominantly occurred among cases under 1 year,with a reported incidence of 8.32/105 doses.The largest number of cases was reported in the second quarter(108 cases,33.33%),and the largest number of cases was reported in Deqing County(92 cases,28.40%)with a reported incidence of 11.52/105 doses.The highest reported incidence of allergic rash was seen following immunization with combined live-attenuated measles-mumps-rubella vaccines(41.23/105 doses).There were 203 cases(62.65%)diagnosed as allergic rash,55 cases(16.98%)diagnosed as urticaria,51 cases(15.74%)diagnosed as measles scarlet fever-like rash,and 15 cases(4.63%)diagnosed as maculopapule.There were 94(29.01%)cases with fever,and 78.70%allergic rash occurred within 24 hours of vaccination.Conclusion The incidence of aller⁃gic rash associated with vaccination was high in Huzhou City from 2017 to 2021,and vaccination-related allergic rash predominantly occurred within 24 hours following immunization with the first dose of vaccines.Allergic rash associated with vaccination was highly prevalent among children under 1 year.