城市群人口集聚对企业全要素生产率的影响——基于粤港澳大湾区的分析

The Effect of Population Agglomeration on Total Factor Productivity of Enterprises in Urban Agglomerations:Based on the Analysis of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area

本文以粤港澳大湾区为样本,在理论机制分析的基础上,采用面板数据固定效应和中介效应模型定量分析城市群人口集聚对企业生产效率的影响。研究发现:城市群人口集聚对企业生产效率的提升具有促进作用,而这种促进作用主要是通过学习机制激发创新等中介效应实现的;城市群人口集聚对企业生产效率的影响存在行业差异,相比于工业企业,对服务业企业生产效率的提升作用更大;城市群中超大、特大城市人口集聚体现更明显的集聚效应。建议大湾区通过进一步完善联动共享机制,强化城市间产业分工协作,推进公共服务一体化、促进人口要素自由流动,更好地发挥人口集聚效应、破除城市人口马太效应,以广深“双圈”联动发展引领城市群、以城市群带动大湾区高质量发展。

Based on the theoretical mechanism analysis of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area,fixed effect and intermediate effect models of panel data are used to quantitatively analyze the impact of population agglomeration on enterprise productivity in urban agglomerations.Results show that population agglomeration in urban agglomerations can promote the productivity of enterprises,and this promotion effect is mainly realized through the intermediary effects such as stimulating innovation via learning.Such promotion effect differentiated among different industries.Compared with industrial enterprises,it has a greater effect on the production efficiency of service enterprises.Also,megacities manifest more obvious agglomeration effect.It is suggested that the linkage and sharing mechanisms be further improved in the GBA,industrial division of labor and cooperation among cities strengthened,the integration of public services and free flow of population factors promoted,so as to better leverage the population agglomeration effect and avoid the Matthew effect of urban population,leading the urban agglomeration through the“dual-circle”of Guangzhou and Shenzhen interconnected development,and driving up the high-quality development of the GBA through urban agglomerations.