作为思维方式的叙事

Narration as a way of thinking

叙事普遍存在于人类文化之中,这不仅反映出叙事在人类文化中的重要地位,而且更主要地折射出叙事是人类主体的根本属性,而叙事思维则是主体叙事属性的内在依据。叙事不仅是一种艺术类型,而且还是人类的基本思维方式、认知方式和生存方式。叙事作为人类基本思维方式,关键在于时间是人类生存和行为活动的基本维度。叙事思维是主体将自身生活中的人事物融于时间进行理解的一种思维方式,主体性和时间性是其两大核心,具有聚焦性、综合性和整体性三个基本特性。叙事思维意味着叙事是人类重要的认知方式,这种认知主要表现为对时间、主体和意义的认知。然而,叙事思维也具有自身的局限性,如受制于时间、具有浅表性及意义的不确定性和多元性等缺点。

Narration universally exists in human culture.This not only reflects the important position of narration in human culture,but also mainly reflects that narration is the fundamental attribute of the human subject,and narrative thinking is the internal basis for the narrative attribute of the subject.Narration is not only a type of art,but also a basic way of thinking,cognition,and survival for humans.As a basic mode of human thinking,the key lies in the fact that time is the basic dimension of human survival and behavior.Narrative thinking is a way of thinking in which the subject comprehends the persons,events and objects in their own lives in time,with two cores of subjectivity and the nature of time,and three basic characteristics of focus,comprehensiveness,and integrity.It means that narration is an important way of human cognition,which is mainly manifested in the cognition of time,subject,and meaning.However,it also has its own limitations,such as being constrained by time,being superficial,and having uncertainty and diversity of meaning.