PISA 2022数学测评中问题解决能力的考查及启示

The Examination and Enlightenment of Problem Solving Ability in PISA 2022 Mathematical Evaluation

问题解决能力为学生日后参与社会生活和终身学习奠定了重要基础,该能力作为一种数学综合能力受到国际大型测评项目的普遍重视,我国也把问题解决列为义务教育数学学科核心素养之一。PISA 2022数学素养测评框架继续强调问题解决能力的核心地位:在考查内容方面,在数量(大数据)环境维度下突出计算机模拟,在不确定性和数据维度下突出条件决策,在变化和关系维度下突出增长现象,在空间和形状维度下突出几何估计;在考查载体方面,问题情境偏向现实问题背景;在考查方式方面,注重测评与信息技术的深度融合;在考查过程方面,强调数学推理,重构了数学建模过程。这启示教师在培养学生的数学问题解决能力时应认识数学推理的重要性;注重与真实世界情境的融合,让问题解决测试情境化;通过多维的测评内容,考查学生的综合能力;加强基于计算机自适应测试工具的开发,让学生在数字化环境与场景中学会解决具体问题。

Problem solving ability lays an important foundation for students to participate in social life and lifelong learning in the future.As a part of comprehensive mathematical ability,this ability has been widely valued by international large-scale evaluation projects,and China has also listed problem solving as one of the subject core competencies of the mathematics discipline in compulsory education.The PISA 2022 mathematical literacy assessment framework continues to emphasize the core position of problem-solving ability,covering four aspects of the examination:highlighting computer simulation in a quantitative(big data)environment,highlighting conditional decision-making in uncertainty and data dimensions,highlighting growth phenomena in change and relationship dimensions,and highlighting geometric estimation in spatial and shape dimensions;in terms of examination carrier,the problem context in PISA 2022 shifts towards the realistic problem context.In terms of examination methods,PISA 2022 pays attention to the deep integration of evaluation and information technology;in terms of the examination process,PISA 2022 emphasizes mathematical reasoning in the examination process and reconstructs the mathematical modeling process.This enlightens teachers to recognize the importance of mathematical reasoning in problem solving when cultivating students’mathematical problem solving abilities;emphasize integration with real world situations to contextualize problem solving tests;examining students’comprehensive abilities through multidimensional evaluation content;strengthen the development of computer based adaptive testing tools to enable students to learn to solve specific problems in digital environments and scenarios.